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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Tacitus claim was the purpose of "baritus"?
(a) To impress a female with a handsome song.
(b) To unite valour before battle.
(c) To show appreciation for a well-done victory.
(d) To challenge the enemy to a battle from afar.

2. Who got to voice their opinions in major affairs in German tribes?
(a) The whole community.
(b) The women.
(c) Chiefs only.
(d) The generals.

3. Modern knowledge shows what about Tacitus' account of German dress?
(a) Reliefs and coins shows agreement and further evidence.
(b) Tacitus gave a narrow view of the varying dress between tribes.
(c) Tacitus did not really talk about the German's dress.
(d) Images from reliefs and coins contradict Tacitus' account.

4. How could a German chief show prestige and power?
(a) In his number of kills.
(b) By his possession of gold.
(c) By his retinue.
(d) By the beauty of his horse.

5. How could Agricola take advantage of the staff-captaincy post?
(a) He was able to leave more easily.
(b) He was able to travel to any country he preferred.
(c) He could stay in the back of the battle without question.
(d) He could order others around even if it was not relevant to the military.

6. How were ancient German records kept?
(a) In songs.
(b) In picture form.
(c) Through priests.
(d) In storytelling.

7. What special privilege did the Hermundui have in the Roman Empire?
(a) They were not taxed.
(b) They were allowed beyond the banks to trade inland.
(c) They were granted citizenship.
(d) They were considered neutral and never attacked.

8. What did Germans fear for their women?
(a) An impoverished life.
(b) Death.
(c) Enslavement.
(d) Starvation.

9. In German culture, what did undergarments indicate?
(a) Insecurity.
(b) Social norm.
(c) Progressive.
(d) Wealth.

10. Who were the only ones allowed to decide on capital punishment, imprisonment, and flogging?
(a) Kings.
(b) Generals.
(c) Chiefs.
(d) Priests.

11. Tacitus criticized the Sitones more than other German tribes because of what cultural difference?
(a) They were polygamous.
(b) The women were the ruling sex.
(c) The women were allowed to fight next to the men.
(d) Men were in war so the women trained the boys at home for war.

12. How did Tacitus distinguish some tribes as German and not Sarmations?
(a) Sarmations were blonde and lighter-skinned.
(b) By their primary weapons.
(c) Sarmations were nomadic while Germans lived in homes.
(d) By their clothing style.

13. What generally separated the ancient Germans from other peoples?
(a) An arbitrary political boundary.
(b) Physical landscapes.
(c) Seas.
(d) An ancient stone wall.

14. Why would the Cotini be more ashamed than other tribes because they worked in the iron mines of Germany?
(a) Iron mines were considered base because of its disturbance to the outdoor altars.
(b) It was disgraceful against the German kings to mine the iron for anyone else.
(c) They could have used the iron to make weapons instead of tribute to the Romans.
(d) The iron mines were considered as low of a job as a slave.

15. How did the German tribe Ubii show pride in being a Roman colony?
(a) They took on new Roman names.
(b) They wore togas.
(c) They kept out intruders at the Rhine.
(d) They voluntarily gave agricultural gifts at harvest.

Short Answer Questions

1. What physical attributes did Tacitus describe in the German people?

2. What historic figure was known to visit Germany and found the city Asciburgium?

3. Of all the German tribes, which held the greatest in number?

4. In addition to arms as gifts, what had the Romans influenced the Germans to accept as gifts?

5. A toga for a Roman youth was equivalent to what for a German youth?

(see the answer keys)

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