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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Chapter 31, why did Mattingly believe Tacitus was mistaken in saying the Brigantes burned a Roman colony under a woman ruler?
(a) The Brigantes never had a woman leader in their history.
(b) The Romans conquered the Brigantes long before the supposed burning.
(c) The Brigantes actually helped the Romans and accepted their aid.
(d) The Brigantes were a peaceful people.

2. What custom did Chatti boys assume until they showed their worth of birth?
(a) They continued to grow their hair until their first enemy kill.
(b) Took their mother's name until their first war, then they were given their father's name.
(c) They shaved and showed no beard until they survived a battle.
(d) They worked in the home until they proved they can fight.

3. A toga for a Roman youth was equivalent to what for a German youth?
(a) A shield and spear.
(b) A horse and spear.
(c) A chainmail.
(d) An axe and helmet.

4. How were the Germans' squadrons grouped?
(a) By general's choice.
(b) Randomly.
(c) By family or clan.
(d) By number of previous kills.

5. Who were the only ones allowed to decide on capital punishment, imprisonment, and flogging?
(a) Chiefs.
(b) Generals.
(c) Kings.
(d) Priests.

6. In addition to omens in a bird's flight, what other ways did Germans read omens and warnings?
(a) Via tea leaves.
(b) In a sheep's cry.
(c) From cattle manure.
(d) Listening to special horses.

7. What was one of the most shameful acts a German soldier could do?
(a) Kill a woman or child.
(b) Die before his first kill.
(c) Cut his hair.
(d) Throw away his shield.

8. What physical attributes did Tacitus describe in the German people?
(a) Dark hair and stout.
(b) Blue eyes, red hair, with big frames.
(c) Short, freckly, with red hair.
(d) Large and hairy.

9. How did the German tribe Ubii show pride in being a Roman colony?
(a) They voluntarily gave agricultural gifts at harvest.
(b) They kept out intruders at the Rhine.
(c) They took on new Roman names.
(d) They wore togas.

10. In addition to arms as gifts, what had the Romans influenced the Germans to accept as gifts?
(a) Slaves.
(b) Money.
(c) Pearls.
(d) Gold.

11. Tacitus criticized the Sitones more than other German tribes because of what cultural difference?
(a) Men were in war so the women trained the boys at home for war.
(b) The women were the ruling sex.
(c) The women were allowed to fight next to the men.
(d) They were polygamous.

12. Why did Agricola build forts to surround newly submitted British?
(a) It controlled imports and exports.
(b) It kept them from escaping.
(c) It built fear in them.
(d) It protected the British from their unconquered neighbors.

13. Why did Agricola's mother discourage him from studying philosophy?
(a) It was a poor man's study.
(b) It was too inactive.
(c) It was too pretentious.
(d) It "ate the mind."

14. What historic figure was known to visit Germany and found the city Asciburgium?
(a) Homer.
(b) Virgil.
(c) Aulus.
(d) Ulysses.

15. The Chatti showed steady courage in warfare through what?
(a) Their impressive unified steps into the beginning of a battle.
(b) Their steady chants.
(c) Deliberate movements rather than quick rushes.
(d) They kept an unwavering flag throughout battle.

Short Answer Questions

1. What event caused such a great financial loss to the state that Agricola had to rectify it?

2. What was unique about a betrothed German couple?

3. What was necessary for the German people to keep tabs in hierarchy?

4. Why would the Cotini be more ashamed than other tribes because they worked in the iron mines of Germany?

5. What held back efficiency in a German assembly of chiefs?

(see the answer keys)

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