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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What lesson from others' experience did Agricola consider when he was victorious in battles?
(a) He celebrated lavishly to show his power.
(b) Injustice afterwards did not help the victory.
(c) Be prepared for a possible revenge.
(d) Instilling fear in the enemy helped retain control.

2. How do modern historians identify Agricola's permanent forts?
(a) By Tacitus' detailed accounts.
(b) By Mattingly's history research.
(c) By Trajan's detailed accounts.
(d) Through archaelogical excavation.

3. What major characteristic did Tacitus note about the seas around Britain?
(a) They rushed to the ends of the earth.
(b) They were easy to sail and row through.
(c) They had a large expanse of tidal currents.
(d) The width between Britain and Spain was not as far as assumed.

4. What was one way a non-native established Roman citizenship?
(a) Enlisted in the army.
(b) Gave useful military information.
(c) Became a slave for seven years.
(d) Worked in the emperor's household.

5. What undertone does Mattingly suggest is written in "The Agricola"?
(a) Agricola single-handedly conquered Britain.
(b) A political tone of moderation.
(c) The emperor is too egocentric to see the Empire's weaknesses.
(d) The Roman Empire should never have tried to conquer Germany.

6. According to a Caledonian, what kept the Gauls and Germans under Roman rule?
(a) The benefits under Roman rule.
(b) Terror and intimidation.
(c) Indolence.
(d) Lack of warfare experience.

7. How did Agricola take advantage of his first victory?
(a) He took the majority of the spoils.
(b) He asked for a parade.
(c) He did not.
(d) He took a promotion.

8. When Cerealis became the British governor, how did Agricola prove himself to him?
(a) He always agreed with Cerealis.
(b) He was the first to offer himself in the line of duty.
(c) He did well with army detachment missions.
(d) He stood up to Cerealis when he disagreed with a plan.

9. Tacitus noted that the Germans felt which way about gold and silver?
(a) They used it for trade between Germans only.
(b) They were acquired greedily by the wealthy.
(c) They had no personal taste for it.
(d) They believed gold and silver were the best metal for weaponry.

10. How did Agricola help rectify the treasury?
(a) He recovered stolen objects from temple robbers.
(b) He issued more coins.
(c) He understood the economy of supply and demand.
(d) He got rid of the corrupted officials in the department.

11. What would help a defendant of a crime if Agricola was the judge of punishment?
(a) Genuine repentance.
(b) Willingness to give service in the Roman army.
(c) Bribery.
(d) Absolute evidence of innocence.

12. In the Introduction, Mattingly claims the Germans needed what if they were to ever reach maturity?
(a) A united kingdom.
(b) Power over drinking.
(c) A fierce ruler.
(d) Roman discipline.

13. According to Mattingly, what belief lies in "The Agricola"?
(a) Moderation.
(b) Pure races.
(c) Roman destiny.
(d) The origin of white man's burden.

14. Tacitus claimed Domitian was ridiculed by the people for what reason?
(a) A fake triumph in Britain.
(b) His wife commited adultery.
(c) A fake triumph in Germany.
(d) His son was a coward in battle.

15. Who was ruling the Roman Empire when Gallic tribes revolted against Rome and proclaimed their own empire?
(a) Augustus.
(b) Domitian.
(c) Vespasian.
(d) Trajan.

Short Answer Questions

1. The invasion of Italy by the Germans was __________.

2. According to Mattingly, what was most important to Tacitus in his life?

3. Of the following, which title did Tacitus never hold?

4. According to Tacitus, Agricola felt it was more "honourable to __________ than to hate."

5. How was Arminius received at home after his win over Quintillius?

(see the answer keys)

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