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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Vietnamese troops had infiltrated which location?

2. In what year did this event occur?

3. Which was not address as being one of the four key sectors?

4. This person went on to serve in which U.S. government position?

5. The Gang of ___ wanted to turn inward to gain new leadership.

Short Essay Questions

1. After Mao announced his illness and retirement, China was in danger. Why?

2. Who is considered to be one of the greatest diplomats of the 19th century? What theory does Kissinger refer to when speaking about the man?

3. What were Deng's steps in the modernization of China? How did they compare to Mao's plans?

4. Who stepped in after Zhou bowed out of the political race?

5. What caused the Chinese to confront Communism?

6. Kissinger says that Mao liked to speak in parables. What was Mao's message?

7. What does Kissinger say about the ideology of China and Russia at this time?

8. What was the relationship between China and Taiwan at this time?

9. Mao had two main choices of leadership. What were they?

10. How did Mao combat his weakened position in the triumvirate?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Kissinger states:

"A special feature of Chinese civilization is that it seems to have no beginning. It appears in history less as a conventional nation-state than a permanent natural phenomenon. In the tale of the Yellow Emperor, revered by many Chinese as the legendary founding ruler, China seems already to exist. When the Yellow Emperor appears in myth, Chinese civilization has fallen into chaos. Competing princes harass each other and the people, yet an enfeebled ruler fails to maintain order. Levying an army, the new hero pacifies the realm and is acclaimed as emperor." (Chap. 1, p. 20)

What is meant by this statement? Why is the Yellow Emperor seen as a myth? Why did China need a new hero? Why does this undocumented history make China special?

Essay Topic 2

Explain in details Deng's modernization of China. How did Deng make China a viable country in the global market place? What were his plans? Were all of them successful? What were the biggest changes? How have Deng's changes affected today's China? What other things might Deng have accomplished if he had stayed in office? Do you agree with Deng's choice to retire?

Essay Topic 3

Who do you think was the most effective leader in Chinese history? Which was the best? Which was the worst? How might a leader like Qing fare in the modern world? How do Mao, Qing, Deng and Zhou compare? Which was the most powerful? Which was the most successful?

(see the answer keys)

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