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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Beijing and ___ had opposing views of the Chinese identity.

2. Who worked as the head of the Beijing Liaison Office?

3. Zhou had been stricken with which disease?

4. According to Mao, the world is not ____.

5. The meetings with Mao and Zhou took place in which year?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the changes in government personnel change Sino-United States. relationships?

2. How did China change in the first two decades after it became a Republic?

3. Mao had two main choices of leadership. What were they?

4. What was Mao's opinion on Communism in the Chinese culture? What movements did it create?

5. Who is considered to be one of the greatest diplomats of the 19th century? What theory does Kissinger refer to when speaking about the man?

6. After Mao announced his illness and retirement, China was in danger. Why?

7. What did Kissinger say about his first meeting with Mao?

8. When did Deng return to China? What were his next steps?

9. Zhou would not last long in the political arena. Why?

10. How did Mao combat his weakened position in the triumvirate?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Mao and other Chinese leaders focused heavily on the nomadic territories to the north. Why were border wars so important? How did the presence of the nomads help/hinder the conflict between China and the Soviet Union? Who won the conflict?

Essay Topic 2

Kissinger took his 40 years experience in working with China to present this book. Kissinger writes:

"This book is an effort, based in part on conversations with Chinese leaders, to explain the conceptual way the Chinese think about problems of peace and war and international order, and its relationship to the more pragmatic, case-by-case American approach. Different histories and cultures produce occasionally divergent conclusions. I do not always agree with the Chinese perspective, nor will every reader. But it is necessary to understand it, since China will play such a big role in the world that is emerging in the twenty-first century." (Preface, p. 11)

Why do you think the book was so important to Kissinger? Do you think it will change the American perception of the country? How can it help to bring the two countries closer together? How could Kissinger write about such a sensitive topic? Explain.

Essay Topic 3

China always saw itself as a superior country in both power and culture. Examine this mentality. What gave China the impression that it was superior? Was it superior? How did it show this superiority over its enemies? How did other countries view this standpoint? Explain.

(see the answer keys)

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