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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Before the _____ War, China saw diplomacy and international trade as a way to express its preeminence.

2. What does "tian xia" mean?

3. Which country attempted to invade China from the north and west to claim dominance over the country's high lands?

4. In what year did the "Plans for a Maritime Defense" go into effect?

5. Mao once claimed that the population of China declined from 50 million to ____ million.

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the Japanese culture compare and contrast to the Chinese culture?

2. What did China do to compete with Japan and Russia? When did the Chinese realize that they were not all powerful?

3. What does Kissinger say about the beginning of the decline of China?

4. How does Kissinger address the history of the Chinese-Indian borders?

5. Abbé Régis-Evariste Huc made observations about China. What did Huc write?

6. What did China do to combat the threats from the Europeans?

7. How did China perceive Europe? What was Britain's goal?

8. According to Kissinger, the tale of the Yellow Emperor is the beginning of China as an entity. However, in Chinese legend, although no other history exists, the Yellow Emperor appears to have arrived to save China. What is the legend?

9. What was the Taiping Rebellion? When did it take place?

10. Who would be put in charge of the new system that would replace Qing?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

China always saw itself as a superior country in both power and culture. Examine this mentality. What gave China the impression that it was superior? Was it superior? How did it show this superiority over its enemies? How did other countries view this standpoint? Explain.

Essay Topic 2

How might the Sino-American relationship have developed or changed if Richard Nixon had not been forced to resign? What did the Chinese think of the impeachment? How did it affect China's view of the United States? What was Kissinger's role in Sino-American relations after Nixon left office?

Essay Topic 3

Sun Tzu is one of the most legendary Chinese figures, particularly when it comes to the Art of War. Write an essay on Sun Tzu, his teachings and beliefs, and his impact on war in China.

(see the answer keys)

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