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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what year did the "Plans for a Maritime Defense" go into effect?
(a) 1904.
(b) 1813.
(c) 1738.
(d) 1842.

2. What is the ruling philosophy of China?
(a) Imperial rule.
(b) Know thyself.
(c) Honor before self.
(d) Mandate of Heaven.

3. Before the _____ War, China saw diplomacy and international trade as a way to express its preeminence.
(a) Second World.
(b) First World.
(c) Opium.
(d) Westphalia.

4. The Count managed to open Urga, which is located in which region?
(a) Mongolia.
(b) Burma.
(c) North Vietnam.
(d) Hong-Kong.

5. The first major attempt to right things with China was led by Britain's Lord George ______.
(a) Montbattan.
(b) Churchill.
(c) Jessup.
(d) Macartney.

Short Answer Questions

1. China is referred to as being a ____ society.

2. What word is best used to describe China's cultural and political situation?

3. Which major Chinese city was first visited by Kissinger?

4. A tribute system was developed in the _____ Islands.

5. Who was considered to be China's principal threat at this time?

Short Essay Questions

1. How and why does Kissinger compare Confucius to Machiavelli?

2. Examine the first appearance of Chinese characters as they came into being.

3. What did China do to combat the threats from the Europeans?

4. How does Kissinger address the history of the Chinese-Indian borders?

5. At its peak, what was the size and scope of the Chinese empire?

6. Why were the Chinese approached by the "red-haired barbarians" of Britain in regards to free trade?

7. The culmination of Chinese warring was two and a half centuries of turmoil. To what does Kissinger compare this era?

8. How did the Japanese culture compare and contrast to the Chinese culture?

9. What does Kissinger say about the beginning of the decline of China?

10. What were the The Qiying-Pottinger negotiations? What did the negotiations change between China and the West?

(see the answer keys)

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