4. A new gap in authority began to appear after the occurrence of the Qiying-_______ negotiations.
(a) Pottinger.
(b) Wilshire.
(c) Lincoln.
(d) Macartney.

5. Which country was not referred to in this plan?
(a) U.S.
(b) Thailand.
(c) South Korea.
(d) Burma.

Short Answer Questions

1. Count _____ Ignatieff served as the Czar's brilliant and devious young plenipotentiary.

2. What does "tian xia" mean?

3. China underwent a "century of _____" before giving into national communism.

4. The Prince quote an ancient Chinese saying: "Resort to peace and _____ when temporarily obliged to do so; use war and defense as your actual policy."

5. Traditionally, China did not on technology or military power but relied upon two of its most deeply traditional resources: the analytical abilities of its diplomats, and the endurance and ____________ of its people.

Short Essay Questions

1. What did China do to combat the threats from the Europeans?

2. The Chinese are very involved in strategy. Examine the Chinese use of strategy and the types of games in which it is employed.

3. How does the existence and myth of the Yellow Emperor relate to the history of Confucius?

4. Discuss China's long experience with naval expeditions and exploits.

5. How and why does Kissinger compare Confucius to Machiavelli?

6. According to Kissinger, the tale of the Yellow Emperor is the beginning of China as an entity. However, in Chinese legend, although no other history exists, the Yellow Emperor appears to have arrived to save China. What is the legend?

7. Why were the Chinese approached by the "red-haired barbarians" of Britain in regards to free trade?

8. How did China perceive Europe? What was Britain's goal?

9. What did China do to compete with Japan and Russia? When did the Chinese realize that they were not all powerful?

10. How does Kissinger address the history of the Chinese-Indian borders?

(see the answer keys)

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