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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following words least accurately describes the virtue that is the topic of IV.5?
(a) Gentleness.
(b) Good temper.
(c) Passivity.
(d) Mildness.

2. According to the Pythagoreans, the good belongs to what?
(a) The complicated.
(b) The limited.
(c) The unlimited.
(d) The simple.

3. Aristotle states that as a child needs an instructor, so too do the desiring parts of the soul need what?
(a) Freedom.
(b) Reason.
(c) A body.
(d) Rest.

4. To whom, or what, does Aristotle say the person who commits suicide is being unjust?
(a) The city.
(b) The gods.
(c) Himself.
(d) His teachers.

5. Concerning generosity, Aristotle says what concerning not taking something offered and giving something away?
(a) That not taking something offered is harder.
(b) That giving something away is harder.
(c) That they are equally difficult.
(d) That neither is difficult.

Short Answer Questions

1. In how many ways does Aristotle speak of the mean in II.6?

2. In what do most people take refuge, according to the theory proposed by Aristotle, rather than perform virtuous acts?

3. Which of the following does Aristotle not list as a theory of that by which happiness comes about?

4. What sort of men, in Aristotle's observations, are most confident in the various situations of war?

5. What, according to Aristotle in the beginning of V.6, makes an act unjust without necessarily making the person who commits it unjust?

Short Essay Questions

1. In what way does Aristotle state that it is impossible for one to do injustice to himself?

2. What is Aristotle's distinction between the sort of injustice that is unlawful and the sort of injustice that is inequitable?

3. In what way does Aristotle claim gentleness (or mildness) is related to the virtues concerned with honor and magnanimity?

4. What is the relationship of virtues to extremes of excess and deficiency in the philosophy of Aristotle?

5. Explain what is meant by Aristotle in saying that youth should not be involved in the study or practice of politics.

6. According to Aristotle, in what way is justice reciprocal, and why?

7. What characterizes Aristotle's distinction between "willing" and "choice"?

8. What does Aristotle mean by saying that a virtue is an active condition or state of the soul?

9. What characterizes Aristotle's notion of the generous person?

10. What is the distinction Aristotle makes between magnificence and generosity?

(see the answer keys)

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