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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What year was the Force Publique established?

2. By what year were most of the coastal areas of Africa claimed as colonies by various European powers?

3. What language were the treaties with the African chiefs written in?

4. How old was Leopold when he issued the royal decree that declared his colony the Congo Free State?

5. What was the name of the colony that the Congo was annexed to Belgium as in 1908?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Leopold maneuver and manage Stanley?

2. What happened to the young white bachelors who entered into the Congo service?

3. Why did Senator John Tyler Morgan want Leopold's claim to the Congo recognized?

4. What happened when Stanley found Dr. Livingstone?

5. What was ivory used for in Europe?

6. What did Stanley pretend to be once he was a celebrity?

7. What military did George Washington Williams have after the American Civil War?

8. What did Leopold use his personal control to do to the Congo?

9. What did the international organizations Leopold established and then dissolved do?

10. Describe Joseph Conrad.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Those who colonized the Congo, such as King Leopold, did so in the name of progress, humanity, and Christianity. Were their actions hypocritical? How? Support your answer with evidence from the book.

Essay Topic 2

How was Conrad's novel, "The Heart of Darkness," based in fact? How was it autobiographical?

Essay Topic 3

The book ends with a summary of Congo's independence movement and current conditions. How does the history of the Congo influence these events?

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