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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Over what route did the Portuguese African slave trade flourish?
(a) Atlantic Ocean route.
(b) Indian Ocean route.
(c) Pacific Ocean route.
(d) Mediterranean Ocean route.

2. When Stanley was paroled as a prisoner during the American Civil War, what did he promptly do after being paroled?
(a) Became a trader.
(b) Fight.
(c) Deserted.
(d) Leave America.

3. To prevent desertion from Force Publique, how far away were soldiers stationed from their homes?
(a) A few miles.
(b) Several hundred miles.
(c) A few dozen miles.
(d) Tens of miles.

4. Where did Leopold send Arthur Stevens?
(a) China.
(b) Russia.
(c) London.
(d) Paris.

5. Who was Henry Stanley's mother?
(a) Victoria Parry.
(b) Betsy Parry.
(c) Mary Parry.
(d) Kathy Parry.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who did Leopold send Stanley to rescue after the Berlin Conference?

2. When did Leopold II gain the throne of Belgium?

3. Who is the protagonist in "Heart of Darkness"?

4. What disease did Williams contract when he left the Congo?

5. How long did Conrad spend as a ship's officer in the British merchant marine?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened to the Congo Free State in 1908?

2. Why was Leopold easily able to discredit Williams' reports of atrocities in the Congo?

3. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

4. Why did President Arthur recognize Leopold's claim to the Congo?

5. What did Leopold do when the venture in the Congo consumed all his funds?

6. What was ivory used for in Europe?

7. How did George Washington Williams present himself that was false?

8. What did the international organizations Leopold established and then dissolved do?

9. Describe Joseph Conrad.

10. When did things change in the Congo?

(see the answer keys)

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