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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did most European colonizers focus on Africa's coastal areas?
(a) They had more riches.
(b) The coast was cheaper to colonize.
(c) The local people were friendlier.
(d) They were immediately accessible.

2. What was the name of the Portuguese explorer who sailed along the west coast of Africa in the 1480s?
(a) Disarro Cao.
(b) Divala Cao.
(c) Diogo Cao.
(d) Diresus Cao.

3. Where did Leopold send Arthur Stevens?
(a) Paris.
(b) London.
(c) China.
(d) Russia.

4. Where did Joseph Conrad spend his youth?
(a) Spain.
(b) England.
(c) France.
(d) Africa.

5. How many Africans attended the Berlin Conference?
(a) None.
(b) As many as could get there.
(c) A lot.
(d) A few.

Short Answer Questions

1. By what year had Williams toured the Congo?

2. To prevent desertion from Force Publique, how far away were soldiers stationed from their homes?

3. What disease did Williams contract when he left the Congo?

4. Stanley's bizarre route took so long to traverse, that when he arrived to rescue Pasha, what happened?

5. What army did Stanley enlist with during the American Civil War?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened to the Africans that other Africans captured and took to the coastal towns?

2. What were some of the technological advances that led Leopold's agents to establish dominance in the Congo?

3. What happened to the Europeans on Stanley's expedition in 1874?

4. What happened when Stanley found Dr. Livingstone?

5. What did Leopold do when the venture in the Congo consumed all his funds?

6. Why is Captain Leon Rom the most likely man upon whom Conrad based the character of Kurtz?

7. What did the international organizations Leopold established and then dissolved do?

8. Why did Leopold want the soldiers in one area to be of a different cultural unit than the subjects in that area?

9. What military did George Washington Williams have after the American Civil War?

10. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

(see the answer keys)

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