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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Over what route did the Portuguese African slave trade flourish?
(a) Atlantic Ocean route.
(b) Mediterranean Ocean route.
(c) Indian Ocean route.
(d) Pacific Ocean route.

2. Who did Leopold want to retain political power in the Congo?
(a) White men.
(b) The Africans.
(c) The local chiefs.
(d) Himself.

3. How old was Leopold when he issued the royal decree that declared his colony the Congo Free State?
(a) 53.
(b) 50.
(c) 48.
(d) 56.

4. When Stanley was paroled as a prisoner during the American Civil War, what did he promptly do after being paroled?
(a) Fight.
(b) Leave America.
(c) Deserted.
(d) Became a trader.

5. Where did Stanley become a celebrity for being the first European to explore Africa's interior?
(a) Prussia.
(b) France.
(c) England.
(d) Germany.

6. Who was President in America when Leopold began to have his colony recognized by the foreign powers?
(a) Taylor.
(b) Arthur.
(c) Ford.
(d) Polk.

7. To prevent desertion from Force Publique, how far away were soldiers stationed from their homes?
(a) A few dozen miles.
(b) Several hundred miles.
(c) Tens of miles.
(d) A few miles.

8. Where was Stanley born?
(a) London.
(b) Scotland.
(c) Wales.
(d) Edinburough.

9. How many black soldiers were in each garrison of Force Publique?
(a) Several dozen.
(b) Some.
(c) Fifty.
(d) Several hundred.

10. What was the purpose of Leopold's establishment of international organizations to look after Africa's interests?
(a) To provide employment for Europeans in Africa.
(b) To launder money coming in and out of Africa.
(c) To provide someone to look out for Africans.
(d) To provide a smokescreen for his activities in Africa.

11. What year did King Leopold's control over the Congo begin?
(a) 1886.
(b) 1888.
(c) 1887.
(d) 1885.

12. Where did the Portuguese transport the slaves?
(a) Portugal.
(b) The New World.
(c) England.
(d) Asia.

13. What war was George Washington Williams a veteran of?
(a) War of 1812.
(b) The 100 Years War.
(c) American Civil War.
(d) American Revolutionary War.

14. What was one of the ways Leopold managed Stanley?
(a) Public praise.
(b) Land grants.
(c) Threats.
(d) Letters.

15. What American state was Senator John Tyler Morgan from?
(a) Georgia.
(b) Alabama.
(c) Mississippi.
(d) Texas.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the name of the fanatical madman in "Heart of Darkness"?

2. Where did Leopold get a loan from after exhausting his money?

3. Modern schools traditionally interpret "Heart of Darkness" as being allegorical of what?

4. What was the name Henry Morton Stanley was born with?

5. What was the name of the workhouse Stanley was sent to as a child?

(see the answer keys)

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