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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What statement sums up Descartes' certain piece of knowledge?

2. Which of the following did Hume deny?

3. What was described as the appearance of objects?

4. Why was Kant's system revolutionary?

5. When Kant attempted to use the unity of apperception to prove facts about the world, who admitted that these arguments were not generally philosophically sound?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Hume argue about reason?

2. Why aren't Kant's arguments about the unity of apperception sound?

3. Why was Kant considered to be eccentric?

4. What are Kant's categories of thought?

5. What is apperception?

6. Describe the ontological religious argument.

7. How did Kant react to the arguments from Hume and Leibniz?

8. What is the difference between a substance and a property? Give an example of each.

9. Describe Kant's published life.

10. Describe Kant's career as a professor.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What type of influence did Kant have on Schopenhauer? Why did Schopenhauer interpret Kant as an idealist?

Essay Topic 2

What type of influence did Kant have on Hegel? Why is his interpretation the most extravagant of those presented?

Essay Topic 3

Why did Kant believe that the fundamental political right was freedom? How do political theorists apply this concept today?

(see the answer keys)

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