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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What makes Luther a national figure?

2. What upset the canonists most about Luther's views on the mass?

3. How does Luther describe the idea that the Pope can deliver souls from purgatory?

4. Why does Luther reject the idea that Christ is sacrificed again at the Lord's Supper?

5. When is the Papal bull "Cum Postquam" issued?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Luther's struggle of faith after coming to Wittenberg.

2. How does Luther characterize the institution of the papacy?

3. What is the initial result of Luther's attacks on the practice of selling indulgences?

4. How does Luther become both a national and an international figure?

5. Explain the Catholic idea of the Eucharist that Luther initially accepts.

6. List the major works of Luther while awaiting trial.

7. How does Luther's disagreement with the church begin with the selling of indulgences on the Day of all Saints?

8. Describe the daily prayer life in the monastery.

9. How does Eck raise the question of tradition and how does Luther respond?

10. What does Luther maintain about interpreting Scripture?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write an essay about the need for education. Luther noticed that his doctorate gave him credence when he spoke. In you essay explain how education works to get other people to listen to new ideas.

Essay Topic 2

Write an essay about religious tolerance. In your essay discuss how Luther wanted religious tolerance for his beliefs but demonstrated his own intolerance for Jews and others who disagreed with him. State your opinion about how religious tolerance can be achieved.

Essay Topic 3

Write an essay on doubt. Using Martin Luther as a starting point, discuss reasons for being unsure about God who has never been seen. Include how doubt is an essential element in finding one's personal beliefs.

(see the answer keys)

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