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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Governmental power in America is highly ______________.
(a) Decentralized.
(b) Centralized.
(c) Equal.
(d) Balanced.

2. According to de Tocqueville, when men seek more equality and comfort, what do they tend to become?
(a) More despotic.
(b) More different.
(c) More alike.
(d) More tyrannical.

3. Civil associations are often born out of what?
(a) National political associations.
(b) Multi-state political associations.
(c) Local political associations.
(d) State-level political associations.

4. Democracy counters individualism by insuring that common good is understood as what?
(a) Profiting everyone who depends on each other.
(b) Profiting everyone who behaves as if he or she is free.
(c) Profiting everyone who participates in the process.
(d) Profiting everyone in the community.

5. What does de Tocqeville say is linked to--but not the same as--liberty?
(a) Equality.
(b) Democracy.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Idealism.

Short Answer Questions

1. What produces goods and profits rapidly?

2. What class, in America, will eventually gain the upper hand in their struggles?

3. Workmen, in America, can be replaced how?

4. In de Tocqueville's beliefs, what is the surest and fastest way to destroy liberty?

5. De Tocqueville states that the aristocracy in America is different from traditional aristocracies because the members of the class do not share what?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to de Tocqueville, in a democratic society, what seems like endless variations of the same and monotonous reality?

2. How is the division of labor in the industries in the United States divided?

3. What do rising wages for workers mean?

4. What is the major difference between the classic aristocrat and the new aristocrat in America according to de Tocqueville?

5. In what situation would total equality of the people's condition be possible?

6. Why does the military, even in a democratic society, tend to seek war?

7. Why will democratic governments tend to centralize as they grow?

8. According to de Tocqueville, how do political associations combat individualism and egoism?

9. What is one reason that democracies do not value equality and liberty equally?

10. What is the only great inequality that de Tocqueville sees in American society?

(see the answer keys)

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