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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The tendency of Americans to behave differently towards outsiders is sometimes known as what?
(a) Isolationism.
(b) Xenophobia.
(c) Alienation.
(d) Archeophobia.

2. According to de Tocqueville, Americans seek ______________, but only within a narrow range.
(a) Fortune.
(b) Privilege.
(c) Rights.
(d) Success.

3. "A priori" means what?
(a) Knowledge derived from a moral source.
(b) The first knowledge.
(c) Knowledge without actual experience.
(d) Knowledge from first-hand experience.

4. According to de Tocqueville, total equality of people's condition would only be possible in a society where freedom is what?
(a) Absolute.
(b) Liberty.
(c) Ideal.
(d) Relative.

5. What arm of the government, even in a democracy, tends to seek out war in de Tocqueville's observations?
(a) Political elite.
(b) Legislative branch.
(c) Military.
(d) Executive branch.

Short Answer Questions

1. The very poor and very rich are in what group in America?

2. Associations participate in doing what for the public?

3. Democracy tightens social ties as it loosens what?

4. Despite the huge lands, what remained a minor enterprise when de Tocqueville was observing America?

5. The vast majority of the American populace is too busy with _________________ to bother with a revolution.

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the only great inequality that de Tocqueville sees in American society?

2. In de Tocqueville's observations, how do Americans act when they meet with strangers outside their borders?

3. In a real world, do democracies value equality or liberty more?

4. What is one of the civil effects of the American society?

5. According to de Tocqueville, what do citizens of the United States think would replace democracy if democracy failed in America?

6. What do rising wages for workers mean?

7. Why does the military, even in a democratic society, tend to seek war?

8. What protects a democratic society from the great excesses that plague aristocratic societies, according to de Tocqueville?

9. When the people feel more equal, what are some other side effects?

10. What is one reason that democracies do not value equality and liberty equally?

(see the answer keys)

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