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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to de Tocqueville, Americans seek ______________, but only within a narrow range.
(a) Rights.
(b) Privilege.
(c) Success.
(d) Fortune.

2. Democracy counters individualism by insuring that common good is understood as what?
(a) Profiting everyone who depends on each other.
(b) Profiting everyone who behaves as if he or she is free.
(c) Profiting everyone in the community.
(d) Profiting everyone who participates in the process.

3. What alone, according to de Tocqueville, is not a strong enough criterion to elevate an individual over the others?
(a) Ability.
(b) Intelligence.
(c) Strength.
(d) Wealth.

4. The tendency of people to implement equality first in the hope that freedom will follow is a what?
(a) Political ideology.
(b) Political ideal.
(c) Political reflex.
(d) Political truism.

5. The small variations in manners between Americans and others are interpreted, by Americans, as an expression of what?
(a) Social superiority.
(b) Individuality.
(c) Differences.
(d) Moral superiority.

Short Answer Questions

1. In a traditional aristocracy, de Tocqueville believes that the aristocrat was linked to their underlings by what?

2. One drawback of equality of social conditions is an increase in what?

3. What is the main difference between a democratic tyranny and a monarchical tyranny?

4. De Tocqueville believes that it depends on the individual whether equality leads them to knowledge or _______________.

5. Democracies tend to value what over liberty?

Short Essay Questions

1. In de Tocqueville's beliefs, how does too much emphasis on equality lead to tyrannical power?

2. What is the major difference between the classic aristocrat and the new aristocrat in America according to de Tocqueville?

3. in de Tocqueville's observations, how are the masters and workmen connected in America?

4. In de Tocqueville's observations, how do Americans act when they meet with strangers outside their borders?

5. How do the citizens of America see their equality when it comes to work collectively, according to de Tocqueville's observations?

6. In a real world, do democracies value equality or liberty more?

7. According to de Tocqueville, how do political associations combat individualism and egoism?

8. What protects a democratic society from the great excesses that plague aristocratic societies, according to de Tocqueville?

9. What is the only great inequality that de Tocqueville sees in American society?

10. What is one of the civil effects of the American society?

(see the answer keys)

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