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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. One drawback of equality of social conditions is an increase in what?
(a) Individualism.
(b) Knowledge.
(c) Association.
(d) Freedom.

2. What is one of the checks and balances on the executive branch to prevent it from becoming despotic?
(a) An independent judiciary.
(b) An independent education system.
(c) An independent moral system.
(d) An independent press.

3. Who is considered a member of the aristocratic class in America?
(a) Masters of industrial wealth.
(b) Elder statesmen and their families.
(c) Masters of agricultural wealth.
(d) Old families with bloodlines to the American Revolution.

4. Isolation increases the dangers of what?
(a) A dangerous leader.
(b) Absolute power.
(c) Mediocrity.
(d) Tyranny.

5. Because of equality, Americans share similar education and what?
(a) Initial abilities.
(b) Initial wealth.
(c) Initial strength.
(d) Initial conditions.

6. In de Tocqueville's beliefs, what is the surest and fastest way to destroy liberty?
(a) War.
(b) A ruling despot.
(c) Absolute tyranny.
(d) Increasing the size of the military.

7. When people are concerned about indulging their need for immediate and orderly comfort, they exercise what?
(a) Excessive pleasure.
(b) Absolute freedom.
(c) Moral self-restraint.
(d) Domination.

8. The desire for immediate gratification led the people of America to what?
(a) Agriculture.
(b) Industry.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Slavery.

9. Under aristocratic regimes, privileges are set by what?
(a) Birth.
(b) Family.
(c) Relationships.
(d) Blood.

10. What is the main difference between a democratic tyranny and a monarchical tyranny?
(a) A democratic tyranny is more difficult to counter.
(b) A democratic tyranny is a tyranny of one.
(c) A democratic tyranny is a tyranny of the majority.
(d) A democratic tyranny is harder to diagnose.

11. Civil associations are often born out of what?
(a) State-level political associations.
(b) Multi-state political associations.
(c) Local political associations.
(d) National political associations.

12. Limiting the right of association would be what to a democratic society?
(a) Desirable.
(b) Abusive.
(c) Detrimental.
(d) Beneficial.

13. In America, what did people have before they had equality of conditions?
(a) Right of association.
(b) Liberty.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Freedom of association.

14. In America, de Tocqueville observes that _____________ links the aristocrat and the workman.
(a) Duty.
(b) Tradition.
(c) Pride.
(d) Nothing.

15. Compared to aristocratic countries, there is a tendency to do what to workers' wages in democratic countries?
(a) Raise them.
(b) Tie them to experience.
(c) Lower them.
(d) Tie them to skills.

Short Answer Questions

1. What alone, according to de Tocqueville, is not a strong enough criterion to elevate an individual over the others?

2. Democracy influences the citizens' political views and what other types of views?

3. American people get richer through peaceful trading and manufacturing instead of what?

4. As democratic governments evolve, they have a tendency to become what?

5. According to de Tocqueville, total equality of people's condition would only be possible in a society where freedom is what?

(see the answer keys)

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