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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What arm of the government, even in a democracy, tends to seek out war in de Tocqueville's observations?
(a) Executive branch.
(b) Legislative branch.
(c) Political elite.
(d) Military.

2. Because of equality, Americans share similar education and what?
(a) Initial strength.
(b) Initial abilities.
(c) Initial wealth.
(d) Initial conditions.

3. Repetitive tasks give workers an inability to change what?
(a) Their skills.
(b) The economic situations of their families.
(c) The conditions in which they work.
(d) Their jobs.

4. De Tocqueville believes that people must exercise their political freedom by what?
(a) Behaving as if they are free.
(b) Depending on each other.
(c) Doing what they want to do.
(d) Participating in the process.

5. Despite the huge lands, what remained a minor enterprise when de Tocqueville was observing America?
(a) Agriculture.
(b) Animal husbandry.
(c) Shipping.
(d) Rail.

6. In what country is every aspect of society in constant movement?
(a) America.
(b) France.
(c) Europe.
(d) England.

7. What is one of the checks and balances on the executive branch to prevent it from becoming despotic?
(a) An independent press.
(b) An independent judiciary.
(c) An independent moral system.
(d) An independent education system.

8. Compared to aristocratic countries, there is a tendency to do what to workers' wages in democratic countries?
(a) Tie them to skills.
(b) Lower them.
(c) Tie them to experience.
(d) Raise them.

9. According to de Tocqueville, Americans seek ______________, but only within a narrow range.
(a) Success.
(b) Rights.
(c) Fortune.
(d) Privilege.

10. According to de Tocqueville, comfort and other earthly pleasures are easily satisfied with what?
(a) Freedom.
(b) Liberty.
(c) Material objects.
(d) Wealth.

11. Decentralization of the governmental administration has multiplied what?
(a) Newspapers.
(b) Political associations.
(c) Opinions.
(d) Journalists.

12. What does de Tocqueville maintain as a greater threat than anarchy?
(a) Limited freedom.
(b) Loss of liberty.
(c) Loss of equality.
(d) Despotic government.

13. Workmen, in America, can be replaced how?
(a) With difficulty.
(b) At will.
(c) Not at all.
(d) In extreme circumstances.

14. What alone, according to de Tocqueville, is not a strong enough criterion to elevate an individual over the others?
(a) Intelligence.
(b) Ability.
(c) Strength.
(d) Wealth.

15. What type of government does de Tocqueville say is "lurking behind every corner" for most citizens of the United States, assuming democracy failed?
(a) Republic.
(b) Monarchy.
(c) Anarchy.
(d) Aristocracy.

Short Answer Questions

1. The very poor and very rich are in what group in America?

2. Democracy influences the citizens' political views and what other types of views?

3. De Tocqueville believes that revolutions are generally the result of the people's desire to eliminate what?

4. In a traditional aristocracy, de Tocqueville believes that the aristocrat was linked to their underlings by what?

5. In America, all siblings are what?

(see the answer keys)

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