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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The narrator explains that those abroad who were sympathetic to the ideas of Communism tried to follow the ________ on matters where an official Party policy existed, hence the international influence of the Leninist views.
(a) Soviet line.
(b) Independent line.
(c) Moscow line.
(d) Census line.

2. In the following statement found in the chapter "New Historicism and Cultural Materialism," what does the word "panoptic" mean: "Michel Foucault's pervasive image of the state is that of 'panoptic'"?
(a) All-hearing.
(b) All-knowing.
(c) All-mighty.
(d) All-seeing.

3. ________ focalization is classic narrative called omniscient narration, according to the narrator in the chapter titled "Narratology."
(a) Spiritual.
(b) Zero.
(c) Internal.
(d) External.

4. Who is credited with saying that the textuality of history is "an intensified willingness to read all of the textual traces of the past with the attention traditionally conferred only on literary texts"?
(a) Dutton.
(b) Greenblatt.
(c) Montrose.
(d) Louis.

5. According to Peter Barry, stylistics developed in what century?
(a) Nineteenth.
(b) Twentieth.
(c) Eighteenth.
(d) Twenty-first.

6. According to the narrator, post-colonial critics would discuss the representation of what country in Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness"?
(a) America.
(b) Africa.
(c) Ireland.
(d) Australia.

7. ________ read major works from an ecocritic point of view and extend the application of concepts to areas other than the natural world.
(a) Ecofeminists.
(b) Ecocentrists.
(c) Ecocritics.
(d) Ecologists.

8. Which Greek philosopher identified three elements in a plot, fault or character-defect, recognition, and reversal, which are all incumbent on the hero or heroine?
(a) Sophocles.
(b) Confucius.
(c) Plato.
(d) Aristotle.

9. Which of the following authors wrote the essay "What Has Never Been: An Overview of Lesbian Feminist Criticism" and attacked "essentialism," pointing out the way "the perceptual screen of hetero-sexism" prevented any consideration of lesbian issues in pioneering feminist writing?
(a) Muriel Spark.
(b) Bonnie Zimmerman.
(c) Anne Koedt.
(d) Adrienne Rich.

10. Who argued the fluidity of identity, including sexual identity in their highly influential "Epistemology of the Closet"?
(a) Diana Fuss.
(b) Rock Meyer.
(c) Judith Butler.
(d) Eve Sedgwick.

11. ________ is a co-founder of ecocriticism with Harold Fromm that developed in the early-1990s in the USA.
(a) Frank Herbert.
(b) Cheryll Glotfelty.
(c) Robert Heinlein.
(d) George Orwell.

12. In the chapter titled "Stylistics," whom does Peter Barry credit with inventing the term "under-lexicalization"?
(a) Roderick.
(b) Fowler.
(c) Fletcher.
(d) Sligh.

13. What is thecritical approach which uses the methods and findings of the science of linguistics in the analysis of literary texts?
(a) Intersubjectivity.
(b) Grammatology.
(c) Stylistics.
(d) Ambiguity.

14. Which of the following terms is defined as the view that, in spite of the connections between culture and economics, art has a degree of independence from economic forces?
(a) Écriture.
(b) Foregrounding.
(c) Relative autonomy.
(d) Indeterminacy.

15. According to the chapter "Narratology," Russian formalist Vladimir Propp identified how many actions in a tale with seven spheres of action to animate?
(a) 31.
(b) 23.
(c) 63.
(d) 13.

Short Answer Questions

1. The narrator explains that narratology studies how narratives, or stories, creates ________.

2. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were the join founders of the school of________ according to the Chapter titled "Marxist Criticism."

3. New historicists focus attention on issues of ________ and how it is maintained, on patriarchal structures and their perpetuation, and on the process of colonization, with its accompanying "mind-set."

4. A poem of which author is provided by Peter Barry as an example of ecocriticism?

5. What is the term used to describe the study of narrative structures that combines characteristics and is derived from structuralism and linguistic theory?

(see the answer keys)

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