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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The narrator suggests that liberal humanists believe in ________ as something fixed and constant which great literature expresses.
(a) Idealism.
(b) Diegesis.
(c) Human nature.
(d) Horizon of expectation.

2. In Percy Bysshe Shelley's ________(1821) saw poetry as essentially engaged in what a group of twentieth-century Russian critics later called "defamiliarization."
(a) The Necessity of Atheism.
(b) A Defence of Poetry.
(c) Queen Mab.
(d) Cenci.

3. The notion of the ________, posited by Levi-Strauss, denoting the minimal units of narrative "sense," is formed on the analogy of the morpheme, which, in linguistics, is the ________ unit of grammatical sense.
(a) Bliss / largest.
(b) Semantics / largest.
(c) Rhetoric / moderate.
(d) mytheme / smallest.

4. ________ was founded on the notion of close reading, according to the narrator.
(a) Social studies.
(b) Humanities.
(c) Sociology.
(d) English studies.

5. Whom does author Peter Barry say was a French psychoanalyst whose work had an extraordinary influence upon many aspects of recent literary theory and who began his career by taking a medical degree and then training in psychiatry in the 1920s?
(a) John Maynard Keynes.
(b) Jacques Lacan.
(c) Euripides.
(d) Marcus Tullius Cicero.

6. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, and Shelley are authors of what form of writing, according to the chapter titled Theory Before Theory--Liberal Humanism?
(a) Romantic poets.
(b) Science-fiction writers.
(c) Mystery fiction writers.
(d) Investigative journalists.

7. From which of Babara Johnson's literary pieces can the following definition of deconstructive reading be found according to author Peter Barry: "Deconstruction is not synonymous with 'destruction.' It is in fact much closer to the original meaning of the word 'analysis,' which etymologically means 'to undo'"?
(a) Trustee from the Toolroom.
(b) The Age of Innocence.
(c) Of Grammatology.
(d) The Critical Difference.

8. According to Peter Barry in the chapter titled Structuralism, the novel "Middlemarch" is an example of a literary ________.
(a) Icon.
(b) Pardigm.
(c) Paradigmatic.
(d) Parole.

9. Sigmund Freud believed that a ________ was an escape-hatch or safety-valve through which repressed desires, fears, or memories seek an outlet into the conscious mind.
(a) Fetish.
(b) Poem.
(c) Memoir.
(d) Dream.

10. ________ is defined as a discipline which has always tended to emphasize the difficulty of achieving secure knowledge about things.
(a) Criminology.
(b) Psychology.
(c) Philosophy.
(d) Sociology.

11. What was another name for the semic code found within the chapter titled Structuralism?
(a) Syntax.
(b) Universals.
(c) Connotative code.
(d) Tel Quel group.

12. Who does the narrator say was the founder of a method of studying English which is still the norm today?
(a) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
(b) T.S. Eliot.
(c) Samuel Langhorne Clemens.
(d) I.A. Richards.

13. According to the narrator in the chapter "Psychoanalytic Criticism," who did Sigmund Freud link the situation of Hamlet in the play to?
(a) Zeus.
(b) Shakespeare.
(c) Oedipus.
(d) God.

14. The chapter "Psychoanalytic Criticism" states that ________ is the notion that sexuality begins not at puberty, with physical maturing, but in infancy, especially through the infant's relationship with the mother.
(a) Infantile sexuality.
(b) Polysexuality.
(c) Pansexuality.
(d) Omnisexuality.

15. The narrator informs the reader that in the early 1980s, two new forms of political/historical criticism emerged, new historicism from ________ and cultural materialism from ________.
(a) Russia / the United States.
(b) France / Germany.
(c) The United States / Britain.
(d) Britain / Russia.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who said the following quote found in the chapter titled Theory Before Theory--Liberal Humanism: "We are told that the study of literature 'cultivates the taste, educates the sympathies and enlarges the mind'"?

2. In the Introduction, what university did author Peter Barry say he attended?

3. According to Peter Barry, the ________ aspect of discourse is characterized not by logic and order, but by "displacement, slippage, condensation."

4. What example did Saussure use to explain what he meant by saying that there are no intrinsic, fixed meanings in language?

5. Who does Peter Barry claim described the feminist change in the late 1970s as a shift of attention from "andro-texts" to "gyno-texts"?

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