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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was the first critic to develop a "reader-centered" approach to literature?
(a) Plato.
(b) Sigmund Freud.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) Sophocles.

2. Who was the major theorist of postmodernism and French writer of the book "Simulations"?
(a) Jean-Francois Lyotard.
(b) Andre Gide.
(c) Jean Baudrillard.
(d) Stephane Mallarme.

3. What was the name of the American literature lecturer mentioned in the Introduction who died in January of 1995?
(a) Samuel Jackson.
(b) Edward Hardy.
(c) Eric Mottram.
(d) Charles Devine.

4. ________ was probably the most influential figure in twentieth-century British criticism according to author Peter Barry.
(a) Douglas Adams.
(b) Patrick Tilley.
(c) Edward Jablonski.
(d) F.R. Leavis.

5. Who presented I.A. Richard with the manuscript of the book which was published in 1930 with the title Seven Types of Ambiguity?
(a) William Empson.
(b) George Zebrowski.
(c) Wilfred Owen.
(d) Kurt Vonnegut.

6. What is the name of the early nineteenth-century American writer who received considerable attention from both structuralists and post-structuralists?
(a) Victor Hugo.
(b) Edgar Allan Poe.
(c) Washington Irving.
(d) Mark Twain.

7. What where the only two universities in England in the nineteenth century?
(a) Manchester and Winchester.
(b) Oxford and Cambridge.
(c) Kingston and Liverpool.
(d) Birmingham and Buckingham.

8. Which of F.R. Leavis's teachings was essentially a syllabus, manageable within a year-long undergraduate course?
(a) Great Explorations.
(b) Great Tradition.
(c) Great Expectations.
(d) Great American Literature.

9. What language does the narrator describe as being a Romance language that takes most of its words directly from Latin, and lacks the reassuring Anglo-Saxon layer of vocabulary?
(a) French.
(b) English.
(c) German.
(d) Spanish.

10. According to the narrator in the chapter "Psychoanalytic Criticism," who did Sigmund Freud link the situation of Hamlet in the play to?
(a) Oedipus.
(b) Zeus.
(c) God.
(d) Shakespeare.

11. In the chapter titled Structuralism, Saussure used the terms ________ and ________ to signify language as a system or structure on the one hand, and any given utterance in that language on the other.
(a) Langue / parole.
(b) Logocentrism / margin.
(c) Paradigm / paradigmatic.
(d) Humanism / icon.

12. David Lodge, Professor of English at Birmingham, combined the ideas of structuralism with more traditional approaches in which one of his books?
(a) Working with Structuralism.
(b) Beyond Structuralism.
(c) Transforming Structuralism.
(d) Beginning Structuralism.

13. I.A. Richards pioneered the technique called ________ which was also the title of his book in 1929.
(a) Allegorical Interpretation.
(b) Reception Theory.
(c) Practical Criticism.
(d) Sociological Criticism.

14. Who does the narrator say was the founder of a method of studying English which is still the norm today?
(a) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
(b) Samuel Langhorne Clemens.
(c) I.A. Richards.
(d) T.S. Eliot.

15. Author Peter Barry explains that all of the following are part of the three stages of the deconstructive process except for which one?
(a) Visual.
(b) Linguistic.
(c) Verbal.
(d) Textual.

Short Answer Questions

1. Author Peter Barry explains that a major "moment" in the history of postmodernism was the influential paper "Modernity-an Incomplete Project" delivered by the contemporary ________ theorist ________.

2. The narrator explains in the Introduction that the emphasis on practice means that this is what form of book?

3. The chapter titled "Postmodernism" states the term "postmodernism" was used in the 1930s, but its current sense and vogue can be said to have begun with ________'s "The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge."

4. Peter Barry examines Sigmund Freud's book ________, which in the chapter "Psychoanalytic Criticism" Barry claims is one of Freud's most enjoyable and accessible publications.

5. In the chapter titled Post-Structuralism and Deconstruction, whose famous remark on philosophy was, "There are no facts, only interpretations"?

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