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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the Dunbar-Ortiz, why did the British withdraw their forces from the Americas in 1783?

2. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, what motivated the U.S. to extend its military power in the Caribbean and Pacific?

3. How did a small group of "elite" Native people accumulate personal wealth during the 1800s?

4. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, which poet was an outspoken supporter of the war against Mexico in 1846?

5. Why did the U.S. army destroy the Prophet's Town?

Short Essay Questions

1. What strategies did the U.S. military use against both Native populations and the Filipinos?

2. During the early 1800s, young Natives often opposed their elders' attitude toward settler-colonists. What did these young people believe?

3. After the Revolutionary War, what was the purpose of militias?

4. What was Simon Bolivar's position on slavery?

5. How did Franciscan missionaries in the U.S. treat Native inhabitants?

6. Dunbar-Ortiz describes an exodus of landless poor from the East toward the seized Indigenous territories. She characterizes this exodus as an "escape valve." What does she mean by that?

7. During the Confederation period, what was the relationship between British forces and Native communities?

8. What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

9. What was the Trail of Broken Treaties?

10. The Virginia Tech shooting was often described as the "worst massacre in U.S. history" (195). Why does Dunbar-Ortiz object to this statement?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Gold Rush prompted many white American settlers to head west in the 1800s. How were Native populations affected by the sudden influx of white settlers in their region? Write an essay exploring the Gold Rush's role in promoting settler-colonialism.

Essay Topic 2

In An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States, Dunbar-Ortiz discusses the role that Native boarding schools, run by white settlers, played in colonialism and assimilation. Write an essay exploring the long-term impact of boarding schools on Native populations.

Essay Topic 3

The Quincentennial, which celebrated the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the Americas, sparked controversy across the globe. Do you believe that U.S. citizens should continue to celebrate Columbus Day? If the celebration should be terminated, what other holidays might take its place? Write an essay analyzing the controversy over Columbus Day and argue whether the holiday should continue.

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