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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In 1805, the Choctaws ceded most of their land to the U.S. government. How much did they receive in compensation?

2. During the War for Independence, what portion of the U.S. population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic ocean?

3. Why did the U.S. army destroy the Prophet's Town?

4. What was the name of the 1785 treaty, in which the U.S. government agreed to restrict settlement east of the Blue Ridge Mountains?

5. What was the name of the annual ceremony that brought the Sioux together and reinforced their national unity?

Short Essay Questions

1. During the Confederation period, what was the relationship between British forces and Native communities?

2. What was the environmental impact of the white settlers' destruction of the buffalo?

3. Dunbar-Ortiz describes an exodus of landless poor from the East toward the seized Indigenous territories. She characterizes this exodus as an "escape valve." What does she mean by that?

4. In the 1800s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs used funds allocated for Native populations. What did they do with this money?

5. What happened to Native people who fought for the Confederacy?

6. In 1871, Congress created a rider to the Indian Appropriation Act. What did this rider state?

7. After the Revolutionary War, what was the purpose of militias?

8. What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

9. How did Franciscan missionaries in the U.S. treat Native inhabitants?

10. What factors led the Sioux to become economically dependent on the U.S. government during the 1800s?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In Chapter 5, Dunbar-Ortiz addresses the myth of U.S. "patriot heroes," whose actions were often bloodthirsty and brutal. Choose a historical figure mentioned in the book. Then write an essay contrasting the mythological representation of this figure with the facts presented by Dunbar-Ortiz.

Essay Topic 2

The Quincentennial, which celebrated the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the Americas, sparked controversy across the globe. Do you believe that U.S. citizens should continue to celebrate Columbus Day? If the celebration should be terminated, what other holidays might take its place? Write an essay analyzing the controversy over Columbus Day and argue whether the holiday should continue.

Essay Topic 3

Dunbar-Ortiz states that "While living persons are not responsible for what their ancestors did, they are responsible for the society they live in, which is a product of that past" (235). Write an essay reflecting upon this statement. What action do you believe modern Americans must take to build an egalitarian society? What responsibility do modern Americans have for past atrocities?

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