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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In the 1930s, the U.S. government decided that soil erosion was caused by Natives' goats and sheep. What action did the government take to address this "problem"?

2. Prior to the Civil War, how many departments was the U.S. army divided into?

3. What year did Minnesota become a non-slavery state?

4. What year did the Great Railroad Strike take place?

5. Who allegedly claimed that "the only good Indian is a dead Indian" (139)?

Short Essay Questions

1. After incarcerating Native people in Fort Sumner, Congress eventually decided to let these individuals return to their homes. What prompted this decision?

2. In 1871, Congress created a rider to the Indian Appropriation Act. What did this rider state?

3. How did Franciscan missionaries in the U.S. treat Native inhabitants?

4. Who were the Colorado Volunteers?

5. The Virginia Tech shooting was often described as the "worst massacre in U.S. history" (195). Why does Dunbar-Ortiz object to this statement?

6. In the 1800s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs used funds allocated for Native populations. What did they do with this money?

7. What tactics did President Washington use in his campaigns against Native people?

8. In Chapter 8, Dunbar-Ortiz responds to the popular argument that the Civil War was fought over "state's rights." What is her opinion on this issue?

9. What was the Trail of Broken Treaties?

10. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, what role does alcohol played in colonialization?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In Chapter 6, Dunbar-Ortiz repeatedly emphasizes that the Seminoles were never conquered by the U.S. military, nor did they sue for peace. Write an essay exploring analyzing Dunbar-Ortiz's choice to repeatedly present this piece of information. Why do you believe this fact is so important to Dunbar-Ortiz? What impact does this fact have on Native communities in the twenty-first century?

Essay Topic 2

Otto Von Bismark famously stated that "The colonization of North American has been the decisive fact of the modern world" (96). Write an essay exploring this statement. Use historical information from An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States to support your arguments.

Essay Topic 3

Throughout the text, Dunbar-Ortiz argues that assimilation functions as a form of genocide. Write an essay analyzing this statement. How does assimilation weaken or erode marginalized groups? Cite specific examples from the text to support your argument.

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