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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What term was used for the "systemic destruction of all the indigenous agricultural resources" (61)?
(a) Feedfight.
(b) Dry cinders.
(c) Scorched ground.
(d) Wipeout.

2. How did the European aristocracy treat women in their society?
(a) Women were allowed to vote and hold political office.
(b) Women were allowed to attend universities and gain degrees.
(c) Women were often sent abroad and served as soldiers.
(d) Women were often accused of witchcraft and executed.

3. According to the Dunbar-Ortiz, which population was the first to be forcibly organized and exploited by European aristocracy?
(a) Southeast Asians.
(b) Native Caribbean.
(c) Western Africans.
(d) European peasantry.

4. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, when did human societies migrate out of Africa?
(a) 100,000 years ago.
(b) 50,000 years ago.
(c) 200,000 years ago.
(d) 300,000 years ago.

5. What was the primary crop in Native American agriculture?
(a) Corn.
(b) Wheat.
(c) Millet.
(d) Potatoes.

Short Answer Questions

1. What job or task did most Scots-Irish settlers perform?

2. What term does Dunbar-Ortiz use for the specific type of colonialism used to form the United States?

3. Prior to the Colonial era, how many Native people inhabited the region that is now part of the U.S.?

4. Where did Europeans in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries learn techniques used for long-distance sea travel?

5. Who were the Conversos?

Short Essay Questions

1. Native communities who tried to ally themselves with settlers often broke off alliance after a while. Why did these ruptures occur?

2. Chapter 3 is titled "The Cult of the Covenant." What "covenant" does Dunbar-Ortiz refer to?

3. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, what was the impact of the Northwest Ordinance?

4. By the 1700s, many farmers had turned to slavery. What economic explanation does Dunbar-Ortiz offer for the rise of slavery?

5. How does Dunbar-Ortiz describe documents like the U.S. Constitution, the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, and the Gettysburg Address?

6. How did Europeans use Christianity to support colonialism?

7. What was the result of the "privatization of the commons" (34) during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

8. During the Colonial era, many colonialist nations claimed that Native Americans were not "using" their land. What counterargument does Dunbar-Ortiz offer?

9. A popular theory suggests that the destruction of Native people was inevitable and primarily caused by disease. How does Dunbar-Ortiz respond?

10. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, the English popularized a theory that only they were made in God's image. What origins did they ascribe to other races?

(see the answer keys)

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