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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Europeans view the newly "discovered" Americas?
(a) As a barren wasteland.
(b) As a virgin land or wilderness.
(c) As a complex civilization.
(d) As a confining spare or prison.

2. What term is used to describe the historical and cultural region encompassing North America?
(a) Ancient America.
(b) Pseudoamerica.
(c) Mesoamerica.
(d) Primitive America.

3. Which philosopher and theologian influenced the Puritans as they formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
(a) John Knox.
(b) John Smith.
(c) John Calvin.
(d) John Locke.

4. What term, designed to "diffuse the locus of guilt" (4), does Bernard Sheehan use to describe Native-Euro-American relations?
(a) Cultural conflict.
(b) Relational conflict.
(c) Interracial conflict.
(d) Regional conflict.

5. What Native nation was predominant in the territory of Georgia during the early 1700s?
(a) The Seminole.
(b) The Muskogee.
(c) The Miami.
(d) The Cherokee.

Short Answer Questions

1. The American bison was indigenous to what region?

2. What was the name of the settler who first received a bounty in exchange for Native scalps?

3. What year did the Mayflower land in the Americas?

4. What term does anthropologist Michael Wilcox use to describe the historical tendency to gloss over the "disappearance" of native people?

5. Which stone did the Aztecs consider especially precious?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, what was the impact of the Northwest Ordinance?

2. Chapter 3 is titled "The Cult of the Covenant." What "covenant" does Dunbar-Ortiz refer to?

3. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, the English popularized a theory that only they were made in God's image. What origins did they ascribe to other races?

4. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, white supremacy helped the landed class win greater support from white peasants. What was the relationship between white supremacy and class status?

5. Why did settlers try to recruit Native people as rangers?

6. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, what was the economic impact of the Crusades?

7. Native communities who tried to ally themselves with settlers often broke off alliance after a while. Why did these ruptures occur?

8. How did Europeans use Christianity to support colonialism?

9. How did the bounty on scalp-hunting threaten Native communities?

10. Dunbar-Ortiz discusses methods of warfare used by the U.S. military to destroy the enemy's will to resist. What does this type of "irregular warfare" typically involve?

(see the answer keys)

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