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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, which Christian denomination represented the "elite" in the Colonial era?
(a) Pentecostals.
(b) Quakers.
(c) Baptists.
(d) Episcopalians.

2. How many Ulster-Scots emigrated to North America during 1717-1775?
(a) 100,000.
(b) 200,000.
(c) 150,000.
(d) 250,000.

3. What term is used by the U.S. military to describe areas behind enemy lines?
(a) War Council.
(b) No-Man's Land.
(c) Hostile Territory.
(d) Indian Country.

4. What other name was used for the Seven Years' War?
(a) The French and Indian War.
(b) The War of Roses.
(c) The War of Spanish Succession.
(d) The Boer War.

5. How did Native communities make important decisions?
(a) Their priests made all decisions.
(b) They sought a group consensus.
(c) Elected official decided for the group.
(d) Women and elders took a vote.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the Dunbar-Ortiz, which population was the first to be forcibly organized and exploited by European aristocracy?

2. Where nations did the Ulster-Scots originate from?

3. During the onset of colonialism, the native population in the Americas rapidly shrank. By what percentage were native populations reduced?

4. What term does anthropologist Michael Wilcox use to describe the historical tendency to gloss over the "disappearance" of native people?

5. Native populations developed an extensive system of roadways. What did most of these early roadways eventually become?

Short Essay Questions

1. During the Colonial era, many colonialist nations claimed that Native Americans were not "using" their land. What counterargument does Dunbar-Ortiz offer?

2. What were three branches of government practiced within the Seminole and Muskogee nations?

3. What beliefs were espoused by John Calvin?

4. Chapter 3 is titled "The Cult of the Covenant." What "covenant" does Dunbar-Ortiz refer to?

5. How does Dunbar-Ortiz describe documents like the U.S. Constitution, the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, and the Gettysburg Address?

6. In Chapter 2, Dunbar-Ortiz speaks of "domestic crusades" that took place in Europe during the Crusades in the Arab world. What was the purpose of these domestic crusades?

7. What was the Latin term for the papal law describing the "cleanliness of blood," or racial purity?

8. How did Europeans use Christianity to support colonialism?

9. According to Dunbar-Ortiz, the English popularized a theory that only they were made in God's image. What origins did they ascribe to other races?

10. A popular theory suggests that the destruction of Native people was inevitable and primarily caused by disease. How does Dunbar-Ortiz respond?

(see the answer keys)

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