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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the Prologue, who prepared the way for neo-traditionalist backlashes to the bourgeoisie?
(a) Camus.
(b) Smith.
(c) Dreyfus.
(d) Rousseau.

2. When did Voltaire become court philosopher to Frederick of Prussia?
(a) 1761.
(b) 1732.
(c) 1745.
(d) 1750.

3. When did Marx and Engels write The Communist Manifesto?
(a) 1873.
(b) 1911.
(c) 1904.
(d) 1848.

4. What American theologian mocked fanatics of Western civilization?
(a) Asa McGray.
(b) Reinhold Niebuhr.
(c) David Low Dodge.
(d) Jon Meacham.

5. What was the last book Rousseau wrote, which was never finished?
(a) Constitutional Project for Corsica.
(b) Narcissus, or The Self-Admirer: A Comedy.
(c) Reveries of a Solitary Walker.
(d) Essay on the Origin of Languages.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who or what was Voltaire's biggest foe?

2. When did George Santayana leave the United States for Europe?

3. How old was Rousseau when his mother died?

4. As stated in "Clearing a Space," until when did a "revealed religion" dominate Europe?

5. What was philosopher and theologian Herder's nationality?

Short Essay Questions

1. In "Clearing a Space," what was the belief regarding historical inevitability in Europe in the 19th century?

2. In the Prologue during the first half of the 20th century, who embraced the theories of Social Darwinism?

3. In "Loving Oneself Through Others," in Le Mondain, what did Voltaire tell people to do?

4. In "Clearing a Space," what was the purpose of history and how did it become sanitized?

5. In October of 1749, where was Diderot and why was he there?

6. In "Loving Oneself Through Others," what did Adam Smith envision?

7. In "Loving Oneself Through Others," why did Rousseau become an outsider?

8. In "Clearing a Space," what did Fukuyama and Zakaria have to say about Western civilization and world development?

9. In "Clearing a Space," what is modernity?

10. In "Loving Oneself Through Others," what was Montaigne's impression of moneymaking, and how did that idea change in the 18th century?

(see the answer keys)

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