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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did Francis Fukuyama believe that modernity is a freight train that cannot be derailed?
(a) After the Russian incursion in Ukraine.
(b) 2012.
(c) Shortly after 9/11.
(d) 2004.

2. When did Johann Gottlieb insist on a planned and self-sufficient economy?
(a) 1822
(b) 1793.
(c) 1800.
(d) 1814.

3. In what publication did Voltaire praise the globetrotting merchant?
(a) Essay on the Customs and the Spirit of the Nations.
(b) Philosophical Letters.
(c) Le Mondain.
(d) Plato's Dream.

4. How many people were massacred at a rock concert, bars, and restaurants in Paris in 2015?
(a) 89.
(b) Nearly 200.
(c) 115.
(d) About 150.

5. Where did Alexis de Tocqueville wish to create a French Empire?
(a) North Africa.
(b) Ghana.
(c) South Africa.
(d) Libya.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did Montesquieu writing The Spirt of the Laws?

2. Who were Rosseau's most famous disciples?

3. What country originated "Arab Spring" (5)?

4. When did Marx and Engels write The Communist Manifesto?

5. Who said that the rich had a duty to never "make people conscious of inequalities of wealth" (83)?

Short Essay Questions

1. In October of 1749, where was Diderot and why was he there?

2. In "Clearing a Space," whose ideas need to be understood and then dismantled?

3. In the Prologue, what did Mikhail Bakunin say about the revolutionist?

4. In "Clearing a Space," what historical calamities undermined the idea of Western universalism?

5. In "Loving Oneself Through Others," in Le Mondain, what did Voltaire tell people to do?

6. In "Clearing a Space," what was the purpose of history and how did it become sanitized?

7. In "Clearing a Space," what was the belief regarding historical inevitability in Europe in the 19th century?

8. In "Clearing a Space," what has happened because of the belief systems and institutions that Britain, France, and the United States initiated and advanced?

9. In the Prologue, what was the attitude and thought about the world after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989?

10. At the end of the Prologue, what does the author believe is a measure of the global civil war taking place?

(see the answer keys)

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