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Rousseau

This person was an 18th-century philosopher and writer. He denounced the modern commercial society with its shift toward individualism and the emphasis place on wealth. He theorized about a new Sparta of closed borders and identity.

Voltaire

This person was an 18th-century writer and philosopher. He helped create the Enlightenment ideals of today, such as rejection of the Church in State affairs, promotion of social and class mobility, increase in material wealth as a sign of a society’s progress, and other values that are popular in Western liberal circles today.

Mikhail Bakunin

This person was a Russian philosopher and theorist of individual freedom. He was highly influential to anarchists and nihilists at the end of the 19th century, and Mishra describes him as the ancestor of the leaderless militants of today.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

This person was a Russian author who examined how disillusioned and disaffected individuals acted...

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This section contains 379 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample