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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What campaign did geologist Clair Patterson take on?

2. In addition to being a seventeenth-century astronomer, Christopher Wren designed:

3. In 2003, NASA came up with an estimated age of the universe. What was it?

4. Who postponed his honeymoon in order to write a scientific paper about the movements of electrons?

5. What organization opposed geologist Clair Patterson and his campaign?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain the misunderstanding of radiation during the early 1900s.

2. Describe what happened when astronomer Edmond Halley asked Sir Isaac Newton for mathematical help.

3. What did geologist Harry Hess discover about the Atlantic Ocean in the 1960s that validated the idea that the continents are drifting apart?

4. Describe inner solar system asteroids.

5. Describe the protons, neutrons, and electrons of an atom.

6. Describe what happened after the last supervolcano erupted on Earth. When did this happen?

7. How does the Superstring Theory explain quarks?

8. Who was Bob Christiansen, and how did he determine that Yellowstone is a supervolcano?

9. Describe what happens in a supernova.

10. How did the English scientist Henry Cavendish determine the weight of Earth?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is continental drift? How did this concept emerge within the scientific community? How long did it take for this idea to gain acceptance? What evidence pointed to the reality of continental drift?

Essay Topic 2

When Charles Darwin came up with the concept of evolution and natural selection, he was met by much opposition. Describe the controversy surrounding Darwin's theories. Why did people oppose his observations? How did he feel about this? Scientifically, what made his theories seem improbable?

Essay Topic 3

Describe earthquakes, including the mechanism behind them, where they can hit, and how they are measured.

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