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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Burgess Shale Formation, containing tens of thousands of fossils of soft-bodied creatures preserved by a mudslide, was found where?
(a) Japan.
(b) Brazil.
(c) Canada.
(d) Kenya.

2. The human body is composed of how many cells?
(a) 2,000 billion.
(b) 800 thousand.
(c) 500 million.
(d) 10,000 trillion.

3. The skeleton "Lucy" found in Ethiopia in 1974 is thought to come from the hominid species:
(a) Australopithecines.
(b) Kenyanthropus platyops.
(c) Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
(d) Homo habilis.

4. Which body of water holds more than half of the planet's water?
(a) Arctic Ocean.
(b) Atlantic Ocean.
(c) Indian Ocean.
(d) Pacific Ocean.

5. Of all the elements occurring naturally on Earth, how many does the author say are central to life?
(a) 10.
(b) 20.
(c) 1.
(d) 6.

Short Answer Questions

1. What percentage of a person's genes are shared with all other humans?

2. Mitochondria convert food and oxygen into ATP, which is what?

3. Humans share 98.4 percent of their DNA with:

4. When was the last dodo killed in Mauritius?

5. The first hand axe was shaped with a stone how many years ago?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are cyanobacteria? How did they affect the environment billions of years ago?

2. What is the water distribution across the world's major oceans?

3. What is cytoplasm?

4. What does the author say about oxygen and the highest elevations people can live at?

5. Describe what happened when the KT meteor crashed on Earth, killing off the dinosaurs.

6. Describe the fossilized traces of microbes found in Greenland.

7. Describe the presence of bacteria in humans.

8. What are bipeds? What are some of the unique challenges they face because of their structure?

9. How does DNA replicate itself?

10. What does the author say about bacteria and humans, particularly their interaction?

(see the answer keys)

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