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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Astronomer Edmond Halley approached mathematician Sir Isaac Newton to get his help figuring out why planets:
(a) Vary in size.
(b) Are round.
(c) Spin on their axes.
(d) Orbit the sun in ellipses.

2. Approximately how many miles are there from Earth's surface to its core?
(a) 45,599.
(b) 3,959.
(c) 695.
(d) 595,399.

3. Using a depth sounder during World War II, Harry Hess discovered that ocean floors:
(a) Have swirling sand drifts.
(b) Have canyons and trenches.
(c) Are too deep to be measured.
(d) Are flat.

4. According to Einstein's theories, what is the nature of space?
(a) It curves.
(b) It is a flat plane.
(c) It has missing points.
(d) It is a straight line.

5. What is an extremophile?
(a) A scientist who studies climate extremes.
(b) An organism adapted to living in extreme conditions.
(c) A researcher who explores extremely isolated regions.
(d) An extremely large living organism.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the Superstring Theory, the components making up protons, neutrons, electrons, and neutrinos are not regular particles, but instead are:

2. What components were central to the apparatus that Henry Cavendish used to determine the density of Earth?

3. Pluto is the first planet to be discovered by an:

4. When did the last supervolcano erupt on Earth?

5. What is the average distance between asteroids found in the inner solar system between Mars and Jupiter?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe what happened to an enormous thighbone discovered in New Jersey in 1789.

2. Describe what happened when astronomer Edmond Halley asked Sir Isaac Newton for mathematical help.

3. Who is the Reverend Robert Evans, and what is he known for?

4. Where do earthquakes occur?

5. How close did asteroids come to Earth in 1991 and 1993?

6. What explanation did James Hutton come up with to describe the phenomenon of seashell fossils frequently found on mountaintops?

7. Why is the term "dinosaurian" a misnomer?

8. Describe what the Archbishop James Usser and the Reverend William Buckland concluded regarding the age of Earth.

9. Describe what happened after the last supervolcano erupted on Earth. When did this happen?

10. Describe Albert Einstein before he became well known in the scientific community.

(see the answer keys)

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