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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. About how many stars can be seen from Earth using a two-inch telescope?
(a) 3,000.
(b) 3 million.
(c) 30,000.
(d) 300,000.

2. What massive bone belonging to a dinosaur was found in New Jersey in 1789?
(a) Shoulder blade.
(b) Thighbone.
(c) Collarbone.
(d) Hipbone.

3. With scientists having found so many dinosaur bones by the dawn of the twentieth century, what did they conclude about the age of Earth?
(a) It has to be much older than 20 million years.
(b) It is no older than 5 million years.
(c) Nobody will ever figure out its age.
(d) It is hundreds of billions of years old.

4. Using a depth sounder during World War II, Harry Hess discovered that ocean floors:
(a) Are flat.
(b) Are too deep to be measured.
(c) Have canyons and trenches.
(d) Have swirling sand drifts.

5. Our universe is at least how many light-years wide?
(a) 5 trillion.
(b) 350 trillion.
(c) 100 billion.
(d) 50 million trillions.

Short Answer Questions

1. When French physicist Henri Becquerel accidentally left a packet of uranium salts on a photographic plate, what happened?

2. Earth is the only planet in the solar system to have what?

3. Had the universe formed just slightly differently:

4. According to the Superstring Theory, the components making up protons, neutrons, electrons, and neutrinos are not regular particles, but instead are:

5. Which of the following is not a layer of Earth?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened when, in 1896, Henri Becquerel accidentally left a packet of uranium salts on top of a wrapped photographic plate?

2. When scientists first tried to grasp the idea of atoms, what did they disagree on?

3. Describe the three basic layers of Earth, namely, the crust, mantle, and core.

4. Describe the protons, neutrons, and electrons of an atom.

5. Who is the Reverend Robert Evans, and what is he known for?

6. Describe what happened after the last supervolcano erupted on Earth. When did this happen?

7. Who was Bob Christiansen, and how did he determine that Yellowstone is a supervolcano?

8. What did geologist Harry Hess discover about the Atlantic Ocean in the 1960s that validated the idea that the continents are drifting apart?

9. Explain how inventor and engineer, Thomas Midley, Jr., solved some problems but created enormous safety and environmental issues by adding lead to gasoline and by inventing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

10. Explain the misunderstanding of radiation during the early 1900s.

(see the answer keys)

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