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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following was not one of Ephraim's professions?

2. Which of the following is not a product for which Martha used herbs?

3. How many babies did Martha deliver in 1793?

4. Martha's diary was once included in a book about the history of which city?

5. How many preachers was each town allowed?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the nature of the relationship between midwives and physicians during Martha's lifetime?

2. Where did Martha Ballard grow up and when did she marry her husband/

3. What was the opinion of Reverend Foster by the Calvinists in the town and whose was the principal voice among them?

4. Although premarital sex was acknowledged as a common practice, it was also illegal. Explain the repercussions for both people involved.

5. How has Martha's diary been perceived by historians?

6. How did Martha procure her medicines and what treatments did she advocate?

7. Explain how courtship and marriage during Martha's life were very different from popular perception of the time period.

8. In general, how was the business in the community divided between men and women?

9. Who was Dr. Page and what is his relationship with Martha?

10. Explain the contentious relationship between Reverend Foster and Henry Sewall.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Religious intolerance is a big part of life in 18th century New England. How is this information revealed through Martha's diary entries? What is known about Martha's position on religion and intolerant people?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the evolution of Martha and Eprhraim's marriage. Was the relationship always good? What was their communication style? Was there mutual respect and support?

Essay Topic 3

Martha's diary reveals some surprising information regarding courtship and marriage which is contrary to popular beliefs. What was the true nature of courtship and marriage in 18th century New England?

(see the answer keys)

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