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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How could birth be a dangerous process?
(a) If it was a breech birth
(b) If the woman was alone
(c) If the baby was premature
(d) If it was a multiple birth

2. In what year was Martha Ballard born?
(a) 1776
(b) 1753
(c) 1800
(d) 1735

3. When could a man be charged with fornication?
(a) When he refused to take responsibility for a child
(b) When he was married
(c) When an affair lasted more than six months
(d) When his partner was a young girl

4. How many preachers was each town allowed?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 1
(d) 3

5. Many men during Martha's lifetime thought that education for a woman was ________________.
(a) Unlikely
(b) Critical
(c) Unnecessary
(d) Optional

Short Answer Questions

1. For how many years did Martha work as a midwife?

2. What is Isaac Foster's wife's name?

3. Who does Jonathan Ballard marry in February of 1792?

4. Premarital sex in 18th century New England is considered to be ______________.

5. What does Martha experience for the first time during this period?

Short Essay Questions

1. Both Ephraim and Martha had businesses to manage. How were their approaches to business different?

2. In general, how was the business in the community divided between men and women?

3. What was the pattern of new births in the year 1793?

4. What were the circumstances surrounding the typical wedding?

5. During what years did Martha keep her diary?

6. Explain the community's position on premarital sex and how Martha's own family was embroiled in a situation regarding premarital sex.

7. How did people perceive Martha in the community?

8. Explain how Martha's weaving business allowed for the overlapping of male and female roles in the Ballard household.

9. What is so amazing about Martha's diary and why do some people speculate that she began writing it?

10. What was the role of a midwife in society and Martha's role in particular?

(see the answer keys)

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