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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was protecting British supply ships in the Mediterranean?

2. What shook Britain from its complacency?

3. What was talked about to help the Brits?

4. Who were the "trappers"?

5. What was Roosevelt's coded name in his correspondence with Churchill?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the growth of the Intrepid network into Bermuda.

2. What efforts were being made in the field of intelligence and codes among countries that would eventually be at war?

3. What did Roosevelt realize about Germany and its system of codes?

4. Where did the King and Queen of England go and what did the King make clear?

5. Who was Madeleine?

6. What was the problem with the sea lanes and what is done?

7. What was the Phony War?

8. What did Stevenson write about concerning Germany and how does he have access to the German communication network?

9. Why did Ambassador Kennedy remain in London until Hitler began bombing the city?

10. How were reports sent out from Bermuda?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Hitler was expanding his terror bombing to other English cities. Warning those population centers would give away their capability to break the German codes. No warnings were given. Later, when coded messages are broken about Hitler's imminent invasion of Russia, the intelligence community warns Russia but is not taken seriously because the BSC will not reveal their source. Discuss the following:

1. Is it moral to hold back information to save innocent civilian lives in order to keep Germany from knowing that its codes were compromised?

2. Many people would argue that it is for the greater good that some people had to suffer (i.e., those in cities who are bombed without warning). Does the concept of the "greater good" apply in this situation? Why or why not.

3. Do you think Russia could have done things any differently even if they had been warned about Hitler's imminent invasion? Explain fully. (This may require some research).

Essay Topic 2

There is a time of one-hundred-and-fifty days that was known as the "Phony War." This consisted of communications between Churchill, coded "Naval Person" and Roosevelt coded "POTUS." Discuss the following:

1. Research the "Phony War" and write a brief informative essay about how it affected Great Britian, France, Germany and the United States.

2. Do you think anything could have been done during the Phony War to have averted a world war?

3. What event(s) precipitated the phony war into the real war? At this point, was war inevitable? Why or why not.

Essay Topic 3

Plans for the assassination of Heydrich began in August 1941, even through they didn't carry out the plot until after Pearl Harbor. As Heydrich lay in a hospital dying, the Germans began a series of retributions by killing one hundred Czechs every evening. More killings followed as houses were searched. The people were killed in the village where the assassins had landed. The village of Lidice was burned to the ground. Discuss the following:

1. Is the act of assassination honorable? Justifiable? Should governments such as the United States condone and assist in assassinations? What about the idea of a fair trial? Does an assassination take that idea into account? Should it?

2. Do you think the BSC and OSS would have carried out the assassination of Heydrich had they known of the probable consequences? Why or why not? Was the assassination of one man worth the death of hundreds more?

3. Thoroughly discuss Henrich Heydrich and his role in the Nazi war machine and atrocities carried out by the Nazis.

(see the answer keys)

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