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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What part of the military commanders motivated Xenophon to write the book?

2. How is the bottom of the ranks characterized in the book?

3. Which of the following was one of the ways to raise money for a military campaign in ancient Greece?

4. Where did Cyrus battle his brother?

5. What held the men that Xenophon led in the military together?

Short Essay Questions

1. What hardships did the sailors encounter when they were not at war?

2. Who was Alcibiades and how is he described?

3. How many men did Xenophon lead in the military, and what were some of the complaints about them?

4. How did Mania oversee her military operations?

5. As Xenophon's stories display, how might fighting wars be a necessary step towards peace?

6. What effect did the Athenian civil war have on the relationship between Athens and Sparta?

7. Why is the bibliography located in the front of the book, and what is the editor's advice regarding the notes that follow it?

8. In the story told by Xenophon, how and why was the decision made to sack a town?

9. Why are there maps included in the back of the book, "A History of My Times"?

10. What is the main point of Cinadon's story?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Two events are chronicled by Xenophon to show the effects that the decisions made by leaders can have.

1) Describe the raid on Attica by Teleutias, why it takes place, the response it receives, and how it relates to Xenophon's main theme of leaders and their decisions.

2) Analyze the events that take place before, during, and after Antalcidas delivers the treaty for peace.

Essay Topic 2

Continuing with his fascination of the virtues of military leaders, Xenophon presents the story of Polydamas.

1) Describe Polydamas's leadership style, including how he tests his men, and the actions taken as a result of those tests.

2) Explain how Polydamas's men are rewarded for their skills, and the value of honor and loyalty in the military.

3) Analyze the opinions of Jason, pertaining to the King of Persia, and how they compare to Xenophon's opinion of Persia in general.

Essay Topic 3

Describe Xenophon's early background, including his birth, social class, and the challenges of his military experience. Also, provide examples from the book of his leadership style and reputation, his intentions as an Athenian officer, the criticism he encounters during his service, and the validity of that criticism.

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