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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How accessible is Xenophon's writing style for current readers?

2. How was Thibron's exile first considered?

3. What did being born into Knight class mean for Xenophon?

4. What type of allies did Mania have?

5. How were a majority of people in the military compensated in the classical era?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the politician do to raise the money for the soldiers and what type of solution did that provide?

2. What is the significance of Xenophon's early background?

3. How did Mania become the satrap, and what type of leader was she?

4. What happened to Thibron after he returned to Sparta and why?

5. What is the main point of Cinadon's story?

6. How did the military leaders cooperate with each other on the issue of funding?

7. How many men did Xenophon lead in the military, and what were some of the complaints about them?

8. Why is the bibliography located in the front of the book, and what is the editor's advice regarding the notes that follow it?

9. What were the reasons why women of ancient Greece would want to be included in the military, and what were some of the reasons why they would not?

10. How did wealth affect the ranking of a military officer, and why were the poor delegated to the lightest infantry?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe Cyrus's war against his brother, the difficulties he faces in the campaign, and how he is assisted by Samius, the Spartan, Include the possible reasons why Xenophon would have wanted to present this story, what it shows for the city of Sparta, and how the story coincides with Xenophon's own view of the Spartans.

Essay Topic 2

The issue of funding is an important one for military operations to continue.

1) Explain the use of funds during a war including why it is vital for a military to raise the money.

2) Describe the different options the ancient military had in raising funds for a war or campaign.

3) Analyze the situation of the sailors in Chios and the hardships they encounter there.

Essay Topic 3

War is a focus of Xenophon throughout the book and he explores all aspects of it.

1) Describe the vices and virtues of military leaders in ancient times, and the effects they have on the wars they wage.

2) Explain the mental training that is done in order to prepare soldiers for battle and develop a military team.

3) Analyze how war is considered a necessary component in the quest for peace for both ancient and current civilizations.

(see the answer keys)

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