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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Scientists start their understanding of the universe with what?
(a) Observations.
(b) A theory.
(c) Mathematics.
(d) Observations and mathematics.

2. All the particles in the universe are what type of spin?
(a) One-half.
(b) Zero.
(c) One.
(d) Two.

3. Who created the idea that a star can collapse and become a black hole?
(a) Alexander Friedmann.
(b) Arno Penzias.
(c) Robert Wilson.
(d) Roger Penrose.

4. In order to explain how black holes become a big bang, Hawking needs to include what?
(a) The theory of relativity.
(b) Particle physics.
(c) The theory of everything.
(d) Quantum mechanics.

5. What does a particle with 0 spin look like?
(a) Identical in all directions.
(b) Different only if spun half way around.
(c) Different from different directions.
(d) Different after It makes two full rotations.

Short Answer Questions

1. Aristotle thought that the Earth was what?

2. Galaxies contain what?

3. Who demonstrated that an atom is made up of electrons orbiting a nucleus made up of protons?

4. What is the unit of measurement for particle energy?

5. In what year did Edwin Hubble discover galaxies outside of our own?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is one implication of the theory of relativity?

2. In 1687 Newton published mathematical formulas that do what?

3. What could cause the expansion of the universe to go on forever?

4. What model of the atom persisted until the 1960's?

5. What are the six varieties of quarks?

6. Scientists start with observations and mathematics to answer the fundamental questions and then do what?

7. Light behaves in which two manners?

8. What is the relationship between quantum mechanics and predictions?

9. What determines whether a star can become a black hole?

10. Why can nothing move faster than the speed of light according to the theory of relativity?

(see the answer keys)

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