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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Philosophers try to understand the universe using what method?
(a) Mathematics.
(b) Circular arguments.
(c) Religious reasoning.
(d) Disciplined logic.

2. Stars without enough mass to become a black hole can become what?
(a) White dwarfs.
(b) Red dwarfs.
(c) Red giants.
(d) Blue giants.

3. The idea of the big bang arises from what phenomena?
(a) The theory of light.
(b) The expanding universe.
(c) The theory of relativity.
(d) The decreasing universe.

4. The only constant in the universe is what?
(a) Time.
(b) The speed of sound.
(c) Space.
(d) The speed of light.

5. The general theory of relativity best describes what world?
(a) The world of large objects in space.
(b) The world of large bodies of mass.
(c) The world of high speeds.
(d) The world of galaxies.

Short Answer Questions

1. A black hole has zero what?

2. Hawking is what type of physicist?

3. Why do the theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity need to be unified?

4. From what location was the Introduction written?

5. What type of theories try to bring the various virtual particles together as one entity, but do not include gravity?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are some characteristics of a black hole?

2. What was the Ancient Greek view of the universe?

3. How did Einstein observe Brownian motion?

4. What could cause the expansion of the universe to go on forever?

5. Why do scientists think that there is a black hole in the star system Cygnus X-1?

6. What is the difference between the Aristotelian approach to science and Galileo's approach?

7. What model of the atom persisted until the 1960's?

8. What are quanta?

9. The mathematical formulas that result from a scientific model of the universe must do what?

10. In 1687 Newton published mathematical formulas that do what?

(see the answer keys)

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