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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. To illustrate the concept of disorder in a system, Hawking uses what example in Chapter 9?
(a) A broken vase.
(b) A bag of marbles.
(c) A car crash.
(d) A jigsaw puzzle.

2. Why did the universe not collapse back on itself shortly after the big bang?
(a) We don't know.
(b) There was too much acceleration.
(c) Particles became real and less dense.
(d) Gravity interfered.

3. Galileo was in constant conflict with what church?
(a) Christian.
(b) Baptist.
(c) Catholic.
(d) Presbyterian.

4. What types of numbers can be used to run time backwards?
(a) Negative numbers.
(b) Complex numbers.
(c) Imaginary numbers.
(d) Real numbers.

5. A closed string is defined as what?
(a) A string that closes off an area of space.
(b) A string that connects two objects and no other.
(c) A string that has ends.
(d) A string joined up with itself in a closed loop.

6. Einstein was what nationality by birth?
(a) Israeli.
(b) German.
(c) American.
(d) Russian.

7. What book did Galileo publish, with the backing of the church's censors?
(a) Dialogue Concerning God and Science.
(b) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems.
(c) Dialogue Concerning the Relation of the World.
(d) Dialogue Concerning Humanity and the Universe.

8. Laplace, at the beginning of the 19th century, postulated what idea?
(a) Scientific knowledge.
(b) Scientific determinism.
(c) Scientific experiments.
(d) Scientific communication.

9. What does the P stand for in combinations of operations?
(a) The place a particle holds.
(b) The positve of a negative.
(c) The mirror image.
(d) The particular charge of a particle.

10. What might escape from a black hole?
(a) Something with more gravitational force than a black hole.
(b) Photons.
(c) Nothing.
(d) Gamma rays.

11. "We see the universe the way it is because we exist," demonstrates what principle?
(a) Rationalization principle.
(b) Anthropomorphic principle.
(c) Humanity principle.
(d) Anthropic principle.

12. Who discovered the equation that governs the electron?
(a) Hawking.
(b) Born.
(c) Einstein.
(d) Dirac.

13. The manuscript of Galileo's second major book was smuggled to a publisher located where?
(a) Germany.
(b) France.
(c) Holland.
(d) England.

14. Einstein said that politics are for the present but equations are for how long?
(a) Infinity.
(b) Forever.
(c) Longer than politics.
(d) Eternity.

15. Even empty space is filled with what?
(a) Pairs of protons and electrons.
(b) Pairs of positive and negative particles.
(c) Pairs of particles to form dark matter.
(d) Pairs of virtual particles and antiparticles.

Short Answer Questions

1. Gamma ray detection might be able to be used to detect what?

2. Galileo argued, to the church, that when the Bible conflicted with common sense what happened?

3. What force is the weakest of the four categories of forces?

4. The laws of science that govern the behavior of matter under all normal situations say that under the combination of the two operations C and P, what happens?

5. When Einstein said he was not coming back to Germany, what was the headline in the paper?

(see the answer keys)

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