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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the name of Galileo's book that had to be smuggled to a publisher?
(a) Modern Sciences.
(b) Two New Views.
(c) Two New Sciences.
(d) Modern Physics.

2. What does the P stand for in combinations of operations?
(a) The mirror image.
(b) The positve of a negative.
(c) The particular charge of a particle.
(d) The place a particle holds.

3. If you use Hawking's model of the universe, how did the universe start?
(a) It started with a big bang.
(b) It started with the collapse of a black hole in a previous universe.
(c) It started with the evaporation of other universes.
(d) There was no beginning, it has always been there.

4. A long time friend of Galileo's held which high office in the church?
(a) Pope.
(b) Priest.
(c) Bishop.
(d) Cardinal.

5. What does Hawking say math is useful for?
(a) Describing everything we know.
(b) Communicating in a single language.
(c) Describing what we observe in the known universe.
(d) Communicating about our observations.

6. In string theory, the strings have what dimension and no other?
(a) Length.
(b) Height.
(c) Depth.
(d) Width.

7. Hawking believes that scientists are too taken up with the "what" of the universe to ask which question?
(a) Why?
(b) Who?
(c) When?
(d) How?

8. What is one of Hawking's three possibilities for the unification of physics theory?
(a) That the theories will be united when gravity is no longer a constant.
(b) No theory of the universe is possible at all.
(c) There will never be unification because we don't understand everything.
(d) That string theory will ultimately prevail.

9. "We see the universe the way it is because we exist," demonstrates what principle?
(a) Anthropic principle.
(b) Anthropomorphic principle.
(c) Humanity principle.
(d) Rationalization principle.

10. Hawking calls the possibility of the universe collapsing "the big ____?"
(a) Smash.
(b) Explosion.
(c) Crunch.
(d) Bang.

11. In what year was Einstein's vocal support of the Zionist cause recognized?
(a) 1949.
(b) 1952.
(c) 1950.
(d) 1951.

12. Einstein proposed who should have control over nuclear weaponry?
(a) The civilians in each state.
(b) The military of each state.
(c) Only states with democracies.
(d) There should be international control.

13. There are at least how many different arrows of time?
(a) Two.
(b) One.
(c) Four.
(d) Three.

14. If Hawking's model of the universe is used, black holes do what with their matter?
(a) Make it dense and start a new big bang.
(b) Collapse on it.
(c) Release it back into space.
(d) Nothing.

15. Galileo belied that the earth did what?
(a) Held still while everything rotated around it.
(b) Was the center of the universe.
(c) Orbited the sun.
(d) Was the center of the solar system.

Short Answer Questions

1. If something can escape the event horizon of a black hole, it would be explained by thinking about the behavior of what?

2. Superstring theory lacks what kind of evidence?

3. The manuscript of Galileo's second major book was smuggled to a publisher located where?

4. What is the fate of black holes according to Hawking's model of the universe?

5. A closed string is defined as what?

(see the answer keys)

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