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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why did most members of the abolitionist movement have difficulty convincing people to support the end of slavery?

2. To what does Hofstadter attribute the failure of John C. Calhoun's political career?

3. In which state was Abraham Lincoln raised?

4. What position did John C. Calhoun hold in James Monroe's cabinet?

5. What philosophy did John C. Calhoun have about African-Americans?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was abolitionism?

2. Whom did Thomas Jefferson believe should have the most say in the government?

3. What opinion did the Founders have about human nature?

4. Why does Hofstadter consider Wendell Phillips the most effective abolitionist?

5. Why was John C. Calhoun forced to resign as vice-president?

6. Why did Wendell Phillips advocate secession from the South?

7. Why does Hofstadter compare John C. Calhoun to Karl Marx?

8. Why did Wendell Phillips criticize capitalism?

9. What interests did Thomas Jefferson's political party seek to protect?

10. Why did John C. Calhoun object to having the phrase "all men are created equal" in the Constitution?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe the impact of the Populist movement on the economy of the United States. Which groups of Americans were attracted to the Populist movement and why? What role did social reform play in the Populist platform? What was the economic platform of the Populist movement? What could have caused the demise of the Populist Party?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the meaning of the phrase "civil liberties." What civil liberties did the Founders wish for all American citizens to have? How does the Constitution affect the civil liberties of American citizens? Which groups of Americans were not initially guaranteed all civil liberties as described by the Constitution and when did they receive those liberties?

Essay Topic 3

Describe the impact of the free silver movement on the economy of the United States. Why did the differing economic and political factions wish for different standards? What factors led to the choice of the gold standard?

(see the answer keys)

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