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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to de Tocqueville, too much equality leads individuals to what?
(a) Lose their relative worth.
(b) Lose their relative importance.
(c) Lose their relative places in society.
(d) Lose their relative wealth.

2. Democracy influences the citizens' political views and what other types of views?
(a) Industrial.
(b) Social.
(c) Moral.
(d) Religious.

3. De Tocqueville observes that, while traveling outside their own country, Americans tend to travel with signs associated with _______________?
(a) Higher ranked scholarly pursuits.
(b) Higher ranked political offices.
(c) Higher ranked aristocrats.
(d) Higher ranked industrial activities.

4. The small variations in manners between Americans and others are interpreted, by Americans, as an expression of what?
(a) Differences.
(b) Individuality.
(c) Social superiority.
(d) Moral superiority.

5. What general attitude does de Tocqueville purport that Americans have towards each other?
(a) Friendly.
(b) Privileged.
(c) Acrimonious.
(d) Distant.

6. The separation between the workmen and the owners has created a new aristocracy based on what?
(a) Bloodlines.
(b) Family.
(c) Money.
(d) Nobility.

7. In what country is every aspect of society in constant movement?
(a) America.
(b) Europe.
(c) England.
(d) France.

8. What requires years of hard and dedicated work before yielding a profit?
(a) Writing.
(b) Investment.
(c) Scholarly works.
(d) Agriculture.

9. What acts as a catalyst for the opinions and desires of the people?
(a) Opinion.
(b) Elected officials.
(c) Newspapers.
(d) Political associations.

10. The army of a democratic country is equated, by deTocqueville, to what?
(a) A separate arm of the government.
(b) A separate nation.
(c) A separate people.
(d) A separate state.

11. The relationship of the American aristocrat and workman is likened to a traditional aristocrat and what, according to de Tocqueville?
(a) Peasants.
(b) Knights.
(c) Slaves.
(d) Servants.

12. Compared to aristocratic countries, there is a tendency to do what to workers' wages in democratic countries?
(a) Tie them to experience.
(b) Tie them to skills.
(c) Lower them.
(d) Raise them.

13. According to de Tocqueville, comfort and other earthly pleasures are easily satisfied with what?
(a) Freedom.
(b) Wealth.
(c) Liberty.
(d) Material objects.

14. Because of equality, Americans share similar education and what?
(a) Initial strength.
(b) Initial abilities.
(c) Initial conditions.
(d) Initial wealth.

15. According to de Tocqueville, what drives the actions of every American man?
(a) Money.
(b) Rights.
(c) Privilege.
(d) Women.

Short Answer Questions

1. Associations participate in doing what for the public?

2. What does de Tocqueville define as a state of mental ease akin to physical and mental numbness?

3. Democracy tightens social ties as it loosens what?

4. Who does de Tocqueville believe seeks exclusive comfort?

5. In a traditional aristocracy, de Tocqueville believes that the aristocrat was linked to their underlings by what?

(see the answer keys)

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