The English philosopher Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924) based his thought on the principles of absolute idealism. He rigorously criticized all philosophies based on the "school of experience." Born in Clapham on Jan. 30, 1846, F. H. Br...

Beginning his career as a book illustrator in 1843, F. O. C. Darley was the most prolific and successful illustrator of his generation. From the time of his earliest work until his death the words "illustrated by Darley" on the title page ...

The poet, political activist, and constitutional theorist Francis Reginald Scott (1899-1985) was a catalyst in the struggle for Canadian political, legal, and literary independence; for human rights and fundamental freedoms in Canada; and ...

F. Scott Fitzgerald was a writer very much of his own time. As Malcolm Cowley once put it, he lived in a room full of clocks and calendars. The years ticked away while he noted the songs, the shows, the books, the quarterbacks. His own car...

The scholarship already accumulated on the subject of F. O. Matthiessen may be larger than that on any other American scholar born in the twentieth century. As the collective reminiscences published in the Monthly Review shortly after his ...

Few figures in Russian literary history have been as universally reviled and categorically condemned as Faddei Bulgarin (Tadeusz Bulharyn). This nineteenth-century Polish expatriate is seldom remembered in his adopted country for any of hi...

The intrinsic cohesiveness of Ana María Fagundo's body of work demonstrates a profound commitment to poetry that has established her mark in twentieth-century Spanish verse. Fagundo has also played a substantial role in the promotio...

Ronald L. Fair, novelist and poet, is known for his experimental and versatile literary forms. Although he sustains the naturalistic tradition of Richard Wright by clarifying the impersonal forces that both limit and determine human life, ...

Probably the greatest Arabic singer of modern times, Fairuz (neé Nuhad Haddad; born 1933), also known as Fayrouz, led the creation of a new musical language in the Middle East. Fairuz was born Nuhad Haddad in 1933 in Beirut, Lebanon...

Faisal I (1883-1933) was an Arab nationalist and political leader during and following World War I. He led Arab troops in the revolt against Turkish rule and became king of newly created Iraq. On May 20, 1883, Faisal was born in Taif near ...

King Faisal ibn Abd al Aziz ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia (1904-1975) was the most prominent Arab leader in the early 1970s. He participated for more than a half century in the creation of modern Saudi Arabia and, as king, was known for his con...

One of Norway's most prolific and popular contemporary writers, Knut Faldbakken is also the Norwegian novelist who has had the greatest success in the English-speaking world. While the reading public has shown a great appetite for Faldbakk...

The American conductor JoAnn Falletta (born 1954) served as musical director of three orchestras simultaneously while still a young woman. She chose to perform pieces from the non-standard repertoire, trying to select pieces suited to the ...

The Chinese statesman Fan Chung-yen (989-1052) initiated the first important Sung reform program. He was famous for defining the ideal Confucian scholar as "one who is first in worrying about the world's troubles and last in enjoying its p...

Peter Faneuil (1700-1743) was a wealthy American colonial merchant and philanthropist who donated Faneuil Hall to Boston. Eldest child of one of three Huguenot brothers who fled France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Peter Fan...

Although rarely read today, Fannie Hurst was one of America's most popular, prolific, and well-paid fiction writers of the 1920s and 1930s. The author of eighteen novels in addition to hundreds of short stories, Hurst wrote sentimental but...

Katherine Fanning built the Anchorage Daily News into the winner of a Pulitzer Prize. She later became one of the few women in the 1980s to lead a major American newspaper, the Christian Science Monitor, and the first woman to head the Ame...

Fanny Brice (1891-1951) was a vaudeville, Broadway, film, and radio singer and comedienne. Fanny Brice was born on October 29, 1891, on New York's Lower East Side. She was the daughter of Charles Borach, a saloonkeeper, and Rose Stern, a r...

The English novelist and diarist Fanny Burney (1752-1840) was one of the most popular novelists of the late 18th century. She was also an important chronicler of English manners, morals, and society. Fanny Burney, originally named Frances,...

Fanny Lewald was one of the most respected and successful German woman novelists of the mid nineteenth century. Contemporary critics praised her novels for their serious social, political, and ethical content. Today they serve as a rich mi...

Norma Farber was a poet steeped in both New England and Old World tradition. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 6 August 1909 to G. Augustus and Augusta Schon Holzman, Farber began writing poetry in grammar school. She was educated at the G...

During mid-nineteenth-century debates about workers' rights, women's roles, and American industry, editor, essayist, publisher, and "factory girl" Harriet Farley produced a body of work that documents tensions over issues of class, gender,...

Moses Gerrish Farmer (1820-1893), an American inventor and manufacturer, pioneered in the practical applications of electricity. Moses Farmer was born in Boscawen, N.H., where his father was a farmer and prosperous merchant. After his fath...

Chief of the Baluch Leghari tribe, one-time member of the civil service, and distinguished politician, Sardar Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari (born 1940) became the eighth president of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in November 1993. He resign...

Wanda K. Farr solved a major scientific mystery in botany by showing that the substance an important compound found in all plants, is made by tiny, cellular structures called plastids. The discovery was all the more notable because the pro...