Bisnaga

Bisnaga is symbolic of the life cycle. Although the empire lasts for over two centuries, it ultimately ends in the same way that it began. The author is therefore using the fictional kingdom as a representation of the ways in which history begets the future.

Seeds

The magic seeds that grow into Bisnaga are symbolic of life. Planted in the ashes of the preceding kingdom, the seeds give birth to a new civilization. The seeds symbolize the entanglement of life and death.

Pampa Kampana

Pampa Kampana's character is symbolic of change. Indeed, from the time that she is nine years old, Pampa's life is devoted to pursuing gender equality for women. Throughout her prolonged existence, she consistently fights in the name of feminist ideals and progressive politics.

Fire

The fire that both begets and completes Bisnaga is symbolic of destruction. At the start of the novel...