C. J. Betts, "On the Beginning and Ending of Candide," Modern Language Review, Vol. 80, 1985, pp. 283-92.

Betts examines the parallels and oppositions between Candide's opening and closing chapter, contending that the end of the story reverses the beginning.

Moishe Black, "The Place of the Human Body in Candide,"in Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century,Vol. 278, 1990, pp. 173-85.

Black argues that Voltaire employs bodily references throughout Candide in order to concretize his treatment of violence, philosophy, and sexuality.

William F.Bottiglia, " Candide's Garden," in Voltaire:A Collection of Critical Essays,edited by William F. Bottiglia, Prentice-Hall, 1968, pp. 87-111.

In his assertive and thorough study, Bottiglia holds that the ending of Candide affirms that social productivity within one's own limits can lead to both "private contentment and public progress."

Donna Isaacs Dalnekoff, "The Meaning of Eldorado: Utopia and Satire in Candide," in Studies on Voltaire...