Energy systems in space technology are devices that convert one kind of energy into another to ensure the functioning of automated and piloted satellites, inter-planetary probes, and other kinds of spacecraft. Multiple functions of any spacecraft require two distinctly different energy sources: propulsion for launch and maneuvers, and electricity supply to power the onboard equipment.

Propulsion Systems

Propulsion generates kinetic energy to facilitate motion of spacecraft. Although propulsion is provided by various types of devices, the most common propulsion system of modern space technology is a rocket engine, a device that propels a rocket by a force of reaction. In its simplest form, the rocket engine could be described as a container (combustion chamber) with an opening at one end (exhaust). Burning of combustible chemicals inside the container generates a large amount of a compressed gas—a propulsive mass—that is ejected...