Knowledge and Justification

If a belief is to count as knowledge, then it must be true. But truth is not enough: lucky guesses and, more generally, beliefs that are only accidentally related to the facts they purport to describe do not amount to knowledge. What else, besides truth, is needed for a belief to count as knowledge, then? There is no agreement regarding how to fully answer that question, but there is a line of thought regarding how to begin such an answer that is widely shared: for a belief to amount to knowledge it has to be justified or supported by reasons, or rationally grounded, or warranted, or have some sort of positive epistemic status. (These, and other, words are sometimes used as synonyms, whereas sometimes they are intended to mark important epistemological distinctions. I use them interchangeably.) The justification in question here...