Living organisms are dynamic systems always in need of energy and nutrients that are indispensable to multiple vital processes such as growth, maintenance and repair of body structures, protection and detoxification of cells, and reproduction. Nutrients are found in foods and are classified as carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins. The main sources of carbohydrates in the human diet are sugars, such as sucrose (from sugar cane), lactose (from dairy products), and starches (from grains and its derivates). Lipids are found in butter, cheeses, margarines, whole milk, eggs, nuts, olive oil, meats, fish, and other sources. The main source of proteins is animal products (milk, eggs, and meats), although they are also present in soybeans, fruits, and nuts. Moreover, small quantities of micronutrients such as essential minerals and vitamins are also indispensable for both structural repair and crucial metabolic...