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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where does Isaacson indicate two crises confronted the Kennedy Adminstration in 1961?
(a) Peking and Moscow.
(b) Laos and Berlin.
(c) Vietnam and Czechoslovakia.
(d) Iran and Israel.

2. What does Isaacson report eventually came of the idea of a "Western Union" military alliance?
(a) It became the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
(b) It became the European Union (EU).
(c) It became the United Nations (UN).
(d) It became the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

3. Who does Isaacson claim Dean Acheson supported for the 1960 Democrat Presidential Nomination?
(a) Stuart Symington.
(b) John F. Kennedy.
(c) Hubert H. Humphrey.
(d) Lyndon B. Johnson.

4. What does Isaacson claim to have been the primary purpose of the telegram to President Truman with the warning of Soviet aggression?
(a) To assist military chiefs in Congressional testimony.
(b) To become the basis for a propaganda campaign that helped to condense power within the foreign policy elite.
(c) To support a greater role for military actions against communist aggression.
(d) To give support for more military spending in the battle to confront communism.

5. How did the U.S. Government consider North Korea's invasion of South Korea, according to Isaacson?
(a) As a sign that the U.S. had no other choice but to be involved with all the governments of the world to turn back the communist threat.
(b) As a sign that the age of interventionism was over.
(c) As a warning sign to world war.
(d) As the beginning of a life or death struggle against international communism.

Short Answer Questions

1. What were the three questions President Truman wrote regarding America's confrontation with Soviet aggression?

2. Who does Isaacson claim John F. Kennedy called for advice on responding to a congratulatory telegram from Nikita Khrushchev the day after Kennedy was announced the winner of the 1960 election?

3. Who does Isaacson report to be the first of the "Six Wise Men" whom Kennedy sought out for advice after his election to the presidency in 1960?

4. Who does Isaacson report to have committed the U.S. to active ground war in Korea?

5. What office did President-Elect Kennedy offer to the first of the "Six Wise Men" whose counsel he sought?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Isaacson claim Clark Clifford wrote in a campaign strategy memo regarding the affect of the Soviet clampdown on Czechoslovakia on the reelection chances of President Truman?

2. What was Dean Acheson's view regarding America's involvement in Vietnam, according to Isaacson?

3. Why does Isaacson suggest that Dean Acheson recommended Dean Rusk to President-Elect Kennedy for Secretary of State?

4. What Southeast Asian country did President Eisenhower tell President-Elect Kennedy was the "key" to keeping communism from overtaking all of Southeast Asia according to Isaacson?

5. What organization did John McCloy help to form that became the precursor to the European Common Market, according to Isaacson?

6. What does Isaacson claim Winston Churchill offered as a suggestion for a solution to Soviet expansionism in his "Iron Curtain" speech in Missouri?

7. Why did the Truman Administration consider making an atomic arms control "covenant" with the Soviet Union, according to Isaacson?

8. To what event did President Truman compare the Soviet clampdown on Czechoslavakia in 1948, according to Isaacson?

9. Who were the first two of the "Six Wise Men" to remove themselves from advising President Johnson because they could no longer support America's involvement in Vietnam, according to Isaacson?

10. According to Isaacson, what caused President Truman to remove General Douglas MacArthur from his command over the conduct of South Korean forces in the Korean War?

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