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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why was General MacArthur fired according to Isaacson?
(a) MacArthur made statements criticizing China's strength and suggesting Chiang Kai-shek could open a second front against China with an invasion on the mainland.
(b) Because MacArthur was seen as unable to lead with the changes in technology and the enemy at hand.
(c) Because MacArthur's popularity within the U.S. was a threat to the Administration's efforts to control the direction of the war in Korea.
(d) Because MacArthur's belligerence had become a threat to world peace.

2. To whom did President Kennedy look in an attempt to peacefully settle the conflicts in Laos?
(a) Dean Acheson.
(b) Robert Lovett.
(c) George Kennan.
(d) Averell Harriman.

3. Who was the Republican upon whom the Truman Administration focused to win support for the Marshall Plan, according to Isaacson?
(a) Senator Arthur Vandenberg of Michigan.
(b) Congressman Joseph McCarthy of Minnesota.
(c) Republican House Leader, Charles Halleck.
(d) Congressman Richard Nixon of California.

4. What role did Frank Wisner play in Kennan's plans for confronting Soviet expansionism?
(a) He became the congressional liaison for the Truman Administration informing it of Congress' mood for the international activities to contain communism.
(b) He became a European mediator between activists and their targets.
(c) He ran the "Department of Dirty Tricks" within the CIA.
(d) He became a policy director for the Truman Administration in its effort to discover communist subversion activities.

5. What does Isaacson report to have been the reaction to communist tactics against the Marshall Plan?
(a) Congress began to realize that the battle against communism was going to be long and costly.
(b) The American public began looking for similar activities within their communities.
(c) Congress initiated the House Un-American Activities Committee.
(d) The Truman Administration had the evidence of the corrosive nature of communism to convince the country its steps were the right ones.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who does Isaacson claim John F. Kennedy called for advice on responding to a congratulatory telegram from Nikita Khrushchev the day after Kennedy was announced the winner of the 1960 election?

2. Who does Issacson report to have written a telegram that claimed fear that war could come, "with dramatic suddenness"?

3. Why does Isaacson suggest Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union and Mao Tse Tung of China gave support to North Korea's invasion of South Korea?

4. How did the U.S. Government consider North Korea's invasion of South Korea, according to Isaacson?

5. According to Isaacson, why did did George Kennan oppose the development of more powerful nuclear weapons?

Short Essay Questions

1. What Southeast Asian country did President Eisenhower tell President-Elect Kennedy was the "key" to keeping communism from overtaking all of Southeast Asia according to Isaacson?

2. Who did President Kennedy choose to act as his chief negotiator at the International Control Commission talks on Laos, according to Isaacson?

3. Who does Isaacson claim that Dean Acheson supported for the 1960 Democrat Presidential nomination over John F. Kennedy?

4. How did President Truman respond to the North Korean invasion of South Korea on June 24, 1950, according to Isaacson?

5. Why did Truman's most trusted foreign advisers, including Robert Lovett, George Kennan, Chip Bohlen, and Dean Acheson, oppose the formation of a Jewish State in Palestine, according to Isaacson?

6. What does Isaacson claim Winston Churchill offered as a suggestion for a solution to Soviet expansionism in his "Iron Curtain" speech in Missouri?

7. To what event did President Truman compare the Soviet clampdown on Czechoslavakia in 1948, according to Isaacson?

8. What organization did John McCloy help to form that became the precursor to the European Common Market, according to Isaacson?

9. What does Isaacson claim to be the North Vietnamese offensive that made the Johnson Administration realize America needed to get out of the Vietnam War?

10. What affect did the Soviet aggression in Czechoslovakia have on Truman's effort to win Congressional approval of the Marshall Plan, according to Isaacson?

(see the answer keys)

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