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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. For what researcher did Spencer work on and off for many years, illustrating hundreds of specimens?

2. Where did Spencer’s notes suggest that Elise came from?

3. In which season did Spencer and his brother move after their father died?

4. What did Dr. Gregory Black teach?

5. In Chapter 4, when did Spencer write about eliminating subtractive surgery?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Spencer’s personality change in 1876?

2. During this time in America and around the world, what changes were occurring in medicine?

3. What work did Spencer find in the evenings in 1869?

4. How was information about Spencer collected?

5. Who were Spencer’s parents?

6. When and where were Spencer and his brother born?

7. What is the life cycle of the cicada?

8. In Chapter 3, what was Bernard doing?

9. How successful was Ward C?

10. What did Spencer begin to research in 1869?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In Chapter 6, Spencer faced ridicule and rejection after he tried to publish a paper about the fawn-child. What was the main thesis of his paper? What did some in the medical community say about the contents of the paper? Why did he have to find a new job?

Essay Topic 2

The Codex was an anatomical reference manual. How did this manual differ from other manuals of the time? What was the opinion of most scientists about the contents of the book?

Essay Topic 3

In Chapter 5, a visit to a carnival sideshow changed Spencer’s life. What did Spencer find at a sideshow? Why did he purchase the specimen? What did the learn from the specimen? How did his research change after that point?

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