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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Initially, who was Gloucester's chief supporter?
(a) The Duke of Buckingham.
(b) Henry Tudor.
(c) The Duke of York.
(d) The Queen mother.

2. After Hastings's death, where did the Marquess of Dorset flee?
(a) He fled to Northampton.
(b) He fled to Scotland.
(c) He fled to London.
(d) He fled to France.

3. Why weren't Clarence's children eligible for the succession?
(a) They were killed after his execution.
(b) They were blocked by a bill of attainder.
(c) They were sent to Spain after his execution.
(d) They were all bastards.

4. Who was Richard of Gloucester's son?
(a) Richard of York.
(b) Edward V.
(c) Edward of Middleham.
(d) Henry Tudor.

5. Why was Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth Wydville scandalous?
(a) She was considered a commoner.
(b) He was already married.
(c) He was already betrothed to a princess.
(d) She was six months pregnant when they wed.

6. Who did Gloucester send with warrants for the execution of Rivers, Grey, and Vaughn?
(a) John Morton, Bishop of Ely.
(b) Richard Ratcliffe.
(c) The Duke of Buckingham.
(d) Hastings.

7. Who did Richard marry?
(a) Anne of Neville.
(b) Juana of Portugal.
(c) Elizabeth of York.
(d) Mary of Wales.

8. Who was made Governor to the Prince of Wales?
(a) Bishop Leicester, the Prince's priest.
(b) Clarence, the Prince's uncle.
(c) Anthony Wydville, the Prince's uncle.
(d) Richard of Gloucester, the Prince's uncle.

9. With whom did Warwick ally himself to invade England in 1470?
(a) Margaret of Anjou.
(b) King Edward IV.
(c) The Spanish Infanta.
(d) King Louis XI.

10. What news did Gloucester give the young King that shocked him?
(a) Gloucester told Edward V that his mother died.
(b) Gloucester told Edward V that he was the rightful King.
(c) Gloucester told Edward V that France had invaded England.
(d) Gloucester told Edward V that his councillors were conspiring to kill him.

11. How was Richard of Gloucester related to King Edward IV?
(a) They were cousins.
(b) They were brothers through marriage.
(c) They were father and son.
(d) They were brothers.

12. During Edward IV's reign, what was England's state?
(a) Impoverished.
(b) Stable.
(c) Wracked with conflict.
(d) Incredibly wealthy.

13. How was Buckingham rewarded for supporting Gloucester?
(a) He was created Constable of England, Chief Justice, and Lord Chamberlain of Wales.
(b) He was made Prince of Wales, Duke of Norfolk, and Earl of Nottingham.
(c) He was given control of the fleet and the treasury.
(d) He was given an expensive gold cup.

14. From whom was Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, descended?
(a) Henry VIII.
(b) William the Conqueror.
(c) Edward III.
(d) Richard I.

15. Why did the Queen Dowager's continued stay in sanctuary embarrass Richard?
(a) She decried his name and threatened him.
(b) It meant he could not confess his love to her.
(c) She was suffering from a mental illness.
(d) It implied she was unsafe because of Richard.

Short Answer Questions

1. What were Gloucester and Buckingham planning?

2. Where in the Tower of London were the Princes probably kept?

3. During the time period, what did people think physical deformity meant about an individual?

4. Where did the Queen flee for sanctuary?

5. What process usually reserved for magnates of the realm was overlooked before Hastings' execution?

(see the answer keys)

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