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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. After Hastings's death, where did the Marquess of Dorset flee?
(a) He fled to Northampton.
(b) He fled to London.
(c) He fled to France.
(d) He fled to Scotland.

2. Who did Edward IV appoint as the guardian of the Prince of Wales?
(a) The Queen.
(b) Lord Rivers.
(c) Richard of Gloucester.
(d) Clarence.

3. With what country had England declared war just before the death of Edward IV?
(a) France.
(b) Spain.
(c) Germany.
(d) Portugal.

4. At age forty, how is Edward IV described physically by his contemporaries?
(a) He is described as slim and willowy, almost ladylike.
(b) He is described as tall and thin, extremely pious and eating little.
(c) He is described as overweight, partaking in too many of life's excesses.
(d) He is described as short and dark, with muscular shoulders and legs.

5. Who did Gloucester send with warrants for the execution of Rivers, Grey, and Vaughn?
(a) Richard Ratcliffe.
(b) Hastings.
(c) The Duke of Buckingham.
(d) John Morton, Bishop of Ely.

6. Where did Gloucester send Rivers, Grey, and Vaughn?
(a) He sent them to Wales.
(b) He sent them to France to fight.
(c) He sent them to strongholds in the north.
(d) He sent them to the Tower of London.

7. Where did the Queen flee for sanctuary?
(a) Westminster.
(b) St. Paul's Cathedral.
(c) Bath.
(d) Northampton.

8. To whom did Gloucester claim Edward IV was pre-contracted, invalidating his marriage to Elizabeth Wydville?
(a) Lady Eleanor Butler.
(b) Anne Neville.
(c) Juana of Portugal.
(d) Elizabeth Shore.

9. In what year was Richard of Gloucester born?
(a) 1554.
(b) 1452.
(c) 1443.
(d) 1462.

10. What, according to the author, are the most important pieces in the puzzle of the Princes?
(a) Contemporary sources.
(b) Character analysis of Richard III.
(c) Edward IV's eyewitness account.
(d) Forensic evidence.

11. When do most contemporary historians think Gloucester had made up his mind to usurp the throne?
(a) The end of September, 1483.
(b) The beginning of January, 1483.
(c) The end of May, 1483.
(d) The middle of June, 1483.

12. How did King Edward IV stun the world with his marriage?
(a) He secretly married an English commoner, Elizabeth Wydville.
(b) He secretly married Queen Margaret.
(c) He married the daughter of Louis XI.
(d) He betrothed himself to the Spanish Infanta.

13. What was the debate about the government during the King's minority?
(a) Whether or not to give Gloucester sovereign power.
(b) Whether or not to give Lord Hastings the position of Lord Protector.
(c) Whether or not to let the Queen govern as regent.
(d) Whether or not to crown the Prince of Wales.

14. For what crime was Clarence ultimately executed?
(a) Rape.
(b) High treason.
(c) Grand Larceny.
(d) Murder.

15. Why weren't Clarence's children eligible for the succession?
(a) They were killed after his execution.
(b) They were blocked by a bill of attainder.
(c) They were all bastards.
(d) They were sent to Spain after his execution.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where in the Tower of London were the Princes probably kept?

2. Where was King Edward V to reside before his coronation?

3. Who was Elizabeth Shore?

4. What process usually reserved for magnates of the realm was overlooked before Hastings' execution?

5. Who were the children of Edward IV and Elizabeth Wydville?

(see the answer keys)

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