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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why weren't Clarence's children eligible for the succession?
(a) They were killed after his execution.
(b) They were sent to Spain after his execution.
(c) They were blocked by a bill of attainder.
(d) They were all bastards.

2. What court faction was Clarence staunchly opposed to?
(a) The Yorkists.
(b) The Welsh.
(c) The French.
(d) The Wydvilles.

3. What is the difference between Gloucester's Protectorship and Duke Humphrey's?
(a) Humphrey staged a coup and Gloucester was loyal to the king.
(b) Humphrey was a figurehead and Gloucester had sovereign power.
(c) Humphrey had sovereign power and Gloucester was a figurehead.
(d) Humphrey had control of the military and Gloucester did not.

4. How did Gloucester behave toward his nephew?
(a) He was withdrawn and suspicious.
(b) He openly supported him.
(c) He tried to adopt him.
(d) He ignored him completely.

5. How many legitimate children did Richard have?
(a) One.
(b) Three.
(c) Thirteen.
(d) Five.

6. What charge did Warwick and Clarence try to level against Edward IV?
(a) They tried to declare his marriage invalid.
(b) They attempted to have him declared a bastard.
(c) They tried to charge him with murder.
(d) They attempted to disprove his policies.

7. Who did Gloucester basically force out of sanctuary?
(a) Richard, Duke of York.
(b) Henry Tudor.
(c) Edward V.
(d) Elizabeth Wydville.

8. When do most contemporary historians think Gloucester had made up his mind to usurp the throne?
(a) The end of September, 1483.
(b) The beginning of January, 1483.
(c) The end of May, 1483.
(d) The middle of June, 1483.

9. In what year was Richard of Gloucester born?
(a) 1462.
(b) 1452.
(c) 1554.
(d) 1443.

10. What were Gloucester and Buckingham planning?
(a) A war with France.
(b) A coronation party for King Edward V.
(c) A coup.
(d) A war with Scotland.

11. Who did Clarence, King Edward IV's brother, marry?
(a) Isabella, the Earl of Warwick's daughter.
(b) Josephine, Louis XI's daughter.
(c) Maria, the Spanish Infanta.
(d) Elizabeth Wydville.

12. At the time of the War of the Roses, how much of the English population lived in towns and cities?
(a) One twentieth.
(b) One tenth.
(c) One quarter.
(d) One half.

13. How did Richard construe his capture of the King?
(a) He called Edward V a traitor and sent him to prison.
(b) He told the councillors he missed his nephew dearly.
(c) He told everyone he deserved to be king, not Edward.
(d) He called it a rescue, and he was restoring the kingdom to right.

14. Why did Lord Howard support Gloucester?
(a) He disliked Edward V and the Queen.
(b) He wanted Gloucester to restore his lost inheritance.
(c) He was a timid man and was afraid of opposing Gloucester.
(d) He wanted control of the Admiral's fleet.

15. What process usually reserved for magnates of the realm was overlooked before Hastings' execution?
(a) He had the right to create a new will.
(b) He had the right to be tried by his peers in Parliament.
(c) He had the right to say goodbye to his loved ones.
(d) He had the right to defend himself in a public trial.

Short Answer Questions

1. Initially, who was Gloucester's chief supporter?

2. From whom was Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, descended?

3. When do Croyland and Mancini believe Richard began planning to take the crown?

4. Why did the Queen Dowager's continued stay in sanctuary embarrass Richard?

5. Why were all of Gloucester's actions illegal?

(see the answer keys)

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