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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did King Edward IV stun the world with his marriage?
(a) He betrothed himself to the Spanish Infanta.
(b) He married the daughter of Louis XI.
(c) He secretly married an English commoner, Elizabeth Wydville.
(d) He secretly married Queen Margaret.

2. At age forty, how is Edward IV described physically by his contemporaries?
(a) He is described as overweight, partaking in too many of life's excesses.
(b) He is described as slim and willowy, almost ladylike.
(c) He is described as short and dark, with muscular shoulders and legs.
(d) He is described as tall and thin, extremely pious and eating little.

3. How did Gloucester behave toward his nephew?
(a) He tried to adopt him.
(b) He openly supported him.
(c) He was withdrawn and suspicious.
(d) He ignored him completely.

4. Where in the Tower of London were the Princes probably kept?
(a) The Garden Tower.
(b) The White Tower.
(c) The Bloody Tower.
(d) Raleigh's Walk.

5. What significant person died at the Battler of Tewkesbury?
(a) King Edward IV.
(b) The Earl of Warwick.
(c) King Henry VI.
(d) Prince Edward of Lancaster.

6. In what year was Richard of Gloucester born?
(a) 1462.
(b) 1443.
(c) 1452.
(d) 1554.

7. With what country had England declared war just before the death of Edward IV?
(a) Portugal.
(b) France.
(c) Germany.
(d) Spain.

8. What do most commentators and historians agree Edward IV's marriage was based upon?
(a) Politics.
(b) True love.
(c) Lust.
(d) Mutual respect.

9. What was the debate about the government during the King's minority?
(a) Whether or not to give Gloucester sovereign power.
(b) Whether or not to let the Queen govern as regent.
(c) Whether or not to crown the Prince of Wales.
(d) Whether or not to give Lord Hastings the position of Lord Protector.

10. Why did Lord Howard support Gloucester?
(a) He wanted control of the Admiral's fleet.
(b) He disliked Edward V and the Queen.
(c) He was a timid man and was afraid of opposing Gloucester.
(d) He wanted Gloucester to restore his lost inheritance.

11. How did Gloucester try to disinherit the Princes?
(a) He had them declared bastards.
(b) He claimed they were unequipped mentally.
(c) He claimed they were secret French spies.
(d) He said his claim to the throne was better.

12. When do Croyland and Mancini believe Richard began planning to take the crown?
(a) During the coronation ceremony of Edward V.
(b) Right after Edward IV's death.
(c) Right after Clarence's death.
(d) During Elizabeth Wydville's sanctuary.

13. Where did Gloucester send Rivers, Grey, and Vaughn?
(a) He sent them to Wales.
(b) He sent them to the Tower of London.
(c) He sent them to France to fight.
(d) He sent them to strongholds in the north.

14. Who was Elizabeth Shore?
(a) She was the King's favorite mistress.
(b) She was the King's wife.
(c) She was the King's daughter.
(d) She was the King's niece.

15. Why did Edward IV take out loans from London financiers?
(a) He was terrible at managing money.
(b) His court was extravagant and he needed the money to keep up appearances..
(c) He was building a great fleet of ships.
(d) He was financing a war with Brittany.

Short Answer Questions

1. With whom did Warwick ally himself to invade England in 1470?

2. At the time of the War of the Roses, how much of the English population lived in towns and cities?

3. In what part of England did Richard of Gloucester live and govern?

4. Who did Richard marry?

5. When did Queen Elizabeth give birth to Prince Edward?

(see the answer keys)

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