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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What principle does a thermostat use?

2. What causes sideways movements of a ship?

3. What does the inclined plane do?

4. What is an absence of substance?

5. What happens if the edges of the two wheels touch?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is a vacuum? What is one invention that uses this principle?

2. Upon what law of physics are the simple machines that are introduced in Part 1 governed?

3. Discuss how sails are used on a boat.

4. How do power crafts control their direction?

5. Discuss the relation of effort to distance.

6. Discuss the four types of gears.

7. Discuss what happens when a driving force initiates movement.

8. How does a ship use plimsoll lines?

9. Discuss the two principles upon which propellers and rudders work in a boat.

10. What does the principle of the conservation of energy state? How does Part 1 relate to that principle?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the following:

1) Which is easier: To pull something down or to pull it up? Why? What is the relevance of this question to the concept of pulleys?

2) Discuss the various types of pulleys, giving examples of each type.

3) Research the history of pulleys and write an informative essay on what you find. Consider the following questions: When were they invented? By whom? Where? How were the first pulleys made? How are they made today? What materials have they used to make pulleys in the past? In the present? Are pulleys still an important tool today?

Essay Topic 2

One of the greatest impacts upon modern society is the invention of the internal combustion engine. Discuss the following:

1) What is an internal combustion engine?

2) Compare an engine that uses gas to one that is used in a jet.

3) Do you think the overall impact of the internal combustion engine in the modern world has been positive or negative? Explain your answer.

4) What engine preceded the internal combustion engine and what did this engine precipitate? Explain how this engine works.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the following:

1) Define elements, atoms, and molecules.

2) What are the properties of molecules that are important in the way many tools and machines work? Explain the properties and give an example of each property at work in a tool or machine.

3) How is floating related to the physical properties of molecules? What does density have to do with whether something will float? Does one have to take into account more than one density when calculating if something will float? Why or why not?

4) Why do you think a ball of steel that is three inches in diameter sinks, but a steel ship will float? Explain your answer.

(see the answer keys)

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