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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Asia and Africa, what two seemingly-contradictory ideologies are being used?
(a) Revolutionary aspiration and nationalism.
(b) Future dreams and individualism.
(c) World power and individualism.
(d) Colonial past and nationalism.

2. What did Manuel Gomez-Morin accomplish for the Revolution?
(a) He led the greatest contingent of soldiers.
(b) He formulated the property laws.
(c) He wrote the Plan of Ayala.
(d) He helped draft the new Constitution.

3. Following the Revolution, why was socialist education not widely implemented in Mexico?
(a) The government could not agree on a socialist curriculum.
(b) Socialism was not the philosophy adopted by Mexicans.
(c) Socialist education was highly unsuccessful.
(d) Training was not available for teachers for providing a socialist education.

4. What metaphor does Paz use to describe Mexico taking control from Spain?
(a) A corpse dismembered and a nation born.
(b) A phoenix rising from the ashes.
(c) A lion cub overtaking its elderly parent.
(d) A young man finally realizing his strength.

5. Why was Diaz's regime in a precarious position regarding positivist philosophy?
(a) Because it could not afford to support such a philosophy when the regime itself was so new.
(b) Because only about half the regime favored the philosophy.
(c) Because the common people vehemently opposed the philosophy.
(d) Because it adopted rather than fathered the philosophy.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the Mexican intellectual's goal?

2. According to Paz, what philosophical fact defines much of Mexico's history?

3. Why have Mexican culture and politics vacillated from one extreme to another? (Chapter Seven, page 157).

4. What did the Revolution force the Mexican people to do?

5. Why did the Mexican Revolution have to begin before the beginning?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why could Mexico not have progressed as far as she has today if she were working within capitalism?

2. What does Paz say about the national differences among Central and South American nations? How does that tie into their relationship with Spain?

3. What role did Jose Vasconcelos play in modern education? From Paz's descriptions, what is his opinion of Vasconcelos?

4. When did Independence begin in Mexico? How was it similar to or different from the Conquest?

5. Why did the new Constitution mandate that education be secular? How might that have made the Mexicans feel?

6. Mexico has entered a new phase of thinking and history. How does Paz explain that phase?

7. Why was the Aztec nation able to unify so many diverse tribes? How were they quite skilled with that type of action?

8. How does Paz define "Mexicanism"? How does it mesh with the individual whom he had described earlier?

9. What role did religion play in ancient South American cultures? Did Catholicism change that role?

10. What did Article 3 of the new Constitution mandate? What troubles did that Article cause?

(see the answer keys)

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