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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When Paz sees that Mexicans return to their tradition, what do they remember?
(a) That their tradition is mostly Indian.
(b) That their tradition is rooted in conquest and slavery.
(c) That they are part of Spain's tradition.
(d) That they do not belong to a greater universal tradition.

2. Who was Emiliano Zapata?
(a) The replacement in Diaz's regime.
(b) The leader of the Revolution of the South.
(c) The first leader of the Revolution.
(d) The military leader in Diaz's regime.

3. How did the Independence movement begin in South America?
(a) With a small band of determined revolutionaries.
(b) With Mexican housewives gradually overturning the governing body.
(c) Under the leadership of impassioned leader, San Martin.
(d) With simultaneous victories sweeping the continent.

4. According to Trotsky, what should happen if the Revolution does not break out in advanced nations following World War II?
(a) Socialism should be forced on those nations.
(b) Socialism should be abandoned altogether.
(c) The Marxist view of history should be revised.
(d) The Marxist view of economics should be revised.

5. Why did the Church support Spanish power?
(a) The Church owned large portions of land.
(b) The Church was bribed by the Spanish monarch.
(c) The Church was threatened by Spain.
(d) The Church owed its Mexican existence to the Spanish Conquest.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the Mexican intellectual's goal?

2. Why did the Spaniards not exterminate the Indians after they were conquered?

3. What was Vasconcelos' philosophy regarding the material world?

4. How did the Spanish Conquest treat religion?

5. In Paz's argument, how have tradition and religion always been presented to the Mexicans?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Catholicism reduce the Indian converts into passive believers? How was that a significant blow?

2. Pulling from the ideas of Jose Gaos, Paz, speaks of the physical duality in Mexico. What does that mean? What significance does that idea have?

3. Why could Mexico not have progressed as far as she has today if she were working within capitalism?

4. What does Paz say about the national differences among Central and South American nations? How does that tie into their relationship with Spain?

5. What is the role of the Mexican intelligentsia within society? How does it differ from the function of the intelligentsia within the United States and Europe; and which one is a better role?

6. How does unemployment on the farms affect the cities? How does it slow all of Mexico's development?

7. What is Paz's definition of "community"? How is that definition knowingly idealistic?

8. When did Independence begin in Mexico? How was it similar to or different from the Conquest?

9. What does Paz think of the Soviet Union? How does it compare to Mexico?

10. How was the Revolution similar to a fiesta? Because of any existing similarity, why do the people cling to that time in history? Can that be considered healthy?

(see the answer keys)

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