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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the motto of positivism?
(a) "Thus Shall We Live".
(b) "Love, Order, and Progress".
(c) "The Spirit Shall Speak through My Race".
(d) "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity".

2. According to Paz, who is most fascinated by death?
(a) The youth.
(b) The dying.
(c) The old.
(d) The infant.

3. Why did the Church support Spanish power?
(a) The Church was bribed by the Spanish monarch.
(b) The Church was threatened by Spain.
(c) The Church owned large portions of land.
(d) The Church owed its Mexican existence to the Spanish Conquest.

4. What does Paz mean by the word, "community"?
(a) A gathering of people who are invested in each other.
(b) A place of liberty where men recognize themselves in each other.
(c) A place of stable government and economy.
(d) A place of safety, especially for women and children.

5. What was an important element of all ancient cultures?
(a) Historical records.
(b) Familial relationships.
(c) Military superiority.
(d) Religion.

Short Answer Questions

1. What question did Edmundo O'Gorman try to answer?

2. According to Paz, why did the Revolution become a compromise?

3. How does the Indian perceive salvation? (Chapter Five).

4. According to Trotsky, what should happen if the Revolution does not break out in advanced nations following World War II?

5. Who authored. the book, Profile of Man and Culture in Mexico?

Short Essay Questions

1. When did Independence begin in Mexico? How was it similar to or different from the Conquest?

2. Pulling from the ideas of Jose Gaos, Paz, speaks of the physical duality in Mexico. What does that mean? What significance does that idea have?

3. How was the Revolution similar to a fiesta? Because of any existing similarity, why do the people cling to that time in history? Can that be considered healthy?

4. What role did Catholicism play in the lives of the conquering Spaniards? Was that role contradictory?

5. What is Paz's definition of "community"? How is that definition knowingly idealistic?

6. What does Paz think of the Soviet Union? How does it compare to Mexico?

7. What does Paz say about the national differences among Central and South American nations? How does that tie into their relationship with Spain?

8. Despite Mexico's advancements, where does she still stand on the world spectrum? How can she change her placement?

9. Why could Mexico not have progressed as far as she has today if she were working within capitalism?

10. What role did Jose Vasconcelos play in modern education? From Paz's descriptions, what is his opinion of Vasconcelos?

(see the answer keys)

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