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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following contributed to making colonialism alive and relevant?
(a) Imperial takeover.
(b) Violence.
(c) Native acceptance.
(d) Catholicism.

2. What was the motto of positivism?
(a) "The Spirit Shall Speak through My Race".
(b) "Love, Order, and Progress".
(c) "Thus Shall We Live".
(d) "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity".

3. How does the Indian perceive salvation? (Chapter Five).
(a) As part of society and the cosmos, as well as individual.
(b) As something open to anyone who would believe.
(c) As something attainable only by a few people.
(d) As something solely individual.

4. Why does poetry tend to eradicate history? (Chapter Seven).
(a) Because it does not understand history.
(b) Because it attempts to explicate history.
(c) Because it transcends history.
(d) Because it disdains history.

5. What did Manuel Gomez-Morin accomplish for the Revolution?
(a) He formulated the property laws.
(b) He led the greatest contingent of soldiers.
(c) He wrote the Plan of Ayala.
(d) He helped draft the new Constitution.

6. Why is a study of colonialism important in understanding Mexican history?
(a) The nation was founded through a peaceful Spanish immersion into Indian culture.
(b) The nation began through the colonization of several surrounding nations.
(c) The nation was founded by a Spanish conquest of Indians.
(d) The nation's beginnings were heavily influenced by North Americans.

7. Whom did Paz call the "guardian of freedom and traitor to his country"? (Chapter Six, page 125).
(a) Jose Maria Mora.
(b) Benito Juarez.
(c) Santa-Ana.
(d) Valentin Gomez Farias.

8. How did the Independence movement begin in South America?
(a) With a small band of determined revolutionaries.
(b) Under the leadership of impassioned leader, San Martin.
(c) With simultaneous victories sweeping the continent.
(d) With Mexican housewives gradually overturning the governing body.

9. What did the Revolution force the Mexican people to do?
(a) Think about the future in global terms.
(b) Synthesize their colonial past with the pre-Catholicism past..
(c) Confront history and invent their future.
(d) Overcome the institutions of colonialism.

10. What did the Spaniards find when they arrived in South America?
(a) Uneducated, struggling clans.
(b) Scattered groups of people.
(c) Autonomous, refined civilizations.
(d) A single ruling power.

11. How did the Spanish Conquest treat religion?
(a) Spain was integrating Mesoamerican religions.
(b) The Conquest did not relate to religion.
(c) Spain was defending the faith.
(d) Spain was protecting the Mesoamerican religions.

12. According to Paz, what is the "contemporary crisis"? (Chapter Seven, page 172).
(a) The crisis of self-identity sweeping South America.
(b) The struggle between two diverse cultures.
(c) The difficulty of Mexico relating to the advancing western world.
(d) A struggle within a culture that no longer has any rivals.

13. What was the purpose of the publishing house Fondo de Cultura Economica?
(a) To print texts about Mexican life and culture.
(b) To act as a façade for Revolutionary pamphlets.
(c) To print texts about economics for South Americans.
(d) To print books as cheaply as possible.

14. When Paz sees that Mexicans return to their tradition, what do they remember?
(a) That their tradition is rooted in conquest and slavery.
(b) That they do not belong to a greater universal tradition.
(c) That they are part of Spain's tradition.
(d) That their tradition is mostly Indian.

15. Where have the great revolutions of the 20th Century occurred?
(a) In backward countries.
(b) In places with little modern culture.
(c) Among indigenous tribes.
(d) In large, wealthy countries.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is one factor that drives world markets?

2. What was Vasconcelos' philosophy regarding the material world?

3. What event precipitated Spain's complete loss of power?

4. What should Mexicans recognize about their alienation from the world?

5. Following the Revolution, why was socialist education not widely implemented in Mexico?

(see the answer keys)

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