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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What should Mexicans recognize about their alienation from the world?
(a) It has managed to cut them off completely.
(b) It can be reversed only by a charismatic leader.
(c) It is unique to their country.
(d) It is shared by many people around the world.

2. What was one factor that guided the Revolution to prioritize tradition?
(a) Its fear of the future.
(b) The large number of supporters over the age of 50.
(c) The workers did not belong to the city or the country, and so they did not have any tradition.
(d) Its belief in the value of the past.

3. According to Jorge Cuesta, how has Mexico created herself?
(a) In opposition to her past.
(b) In agreement with her past.
(c) With an eye toward preventing civil war.
(d) With no regard for the common people.

4. In Asia and Africa, what two seemingly-contradictory ideologies are being used?
(a) Revolutionary aspiration and nationalism.
(b) Future dreams and individualism.
(c) Colonial past and nationalism.
(d) World power and individualism.

5. What was an important element of all ancient cultures?
(a) Familial relationships.
(b) Military superiority.
(c) Religion.
(d) Historical records.

6. What is the value of Sor Juana's poem, "First Dream"?
(a) A philosophical look at the depth of reality.
(b) A philosophical look at Catholicism.
(c) A penetrating analysis of the effects of European influence.
(d) A comprehensive history of the Indians before Cortez.

7. Mexico lacks basic industries except for one - what is it?
(a) Steel.
(b) Forestry.
(c) Fishing.
(d) Wool.

8. What did the Spaniards find when they arrived in South America?
(a) Scattered groups of people.
(b) Autonomous, refined civilizations.
(c) A single ruling power.
(d) Uneducated, struggling clans.

9. What horror did Cortez's rule not commit?
(a) Denying the conquered people a place in society.
(b) Raping the indigenous women.
(c) Forcing indigenous people to speak European Spanish.
(d) Complete annihilation of the native peoples.

10. During the Revolution, whom did the intelligentsia make the focal point of its activities?
(a) Their new leaders.
(b) Itself.
(c) The common people.
(d) The new poets.

11. How does the Indian perceive salvation? (Chapter Five).
(a) As part of society and the cosmos, as well as individual.
(b) As something open to anyone who would believe.
(c) As something attainable only by a few people.
(d) As something solely individual.

12. How did the Reform want to justify itself?
(a) Through the future.
(b) Through its past.
(c) Through its changes.
(d) Through its popularity.

13. Who authored. the book, Profile of Man and Culture in Mexico?
(a) Jorge Scheler.
(b) Jorge Cuesta.
(c) Christophe Adler.
(d) Samuel Ramos.

14. What was the Mexican intellectual's goal?
(a) Propagation of the arts.
(b) Cultural education.
(c) Political action.
(d) Educational reform.

15. When Paz sees that Mexicans return to their tradition, what do they remember?
(a) That they do not belong to a greater universal tradition.
(b) That their tradition is mostly Indian.
(c) That they are part of Spain's tradition.
(d) That their tradition is rooted in conquest and slavery.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Paz's philosophy, why must Mexicans face reality alone?

2. What was the most radical period of the Revolution?

3. In Paz's argument, how have tradition and religion always been presented to the Mexicans?

4. Which of the following created the Spanish monarchy?

5. According to Paz, what philosophical fact defines much of Mexico's history?

(see the answer keys)

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