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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did the Aztecs' final struggle manifest itself?
(a) In suicide.
(b) In destruction of their own property.
(c) In silence.
(d) As the last battle.

2. When did the Plan of Ayala go into effect?
(a) March, 1951.
(b) July, 1937.
(c) January, 1909.
(d) November, 1911.

3. Why did the Spaniards not exterminate the Indians after they were conquered?
(a) They respected the Indians.
(b) They wanted to learn from the Indians.
(c) Their Catholicism prevented mass slaughter.
(d) They needed labor.

4. Why did the Mexican Revolution have to begin before the beginning?
(a) The people still held a feudalistic mindset.
(b) Mexico did not have the basic electricity and resources needed to transform her cities.
(c) In the early 20th Century, Mexico was far behind the advanced world.
(d) The cities were not large enough to house the farmers-turned-workers.

5. What was the main philosophical objective of the Revolution?
(a) To replace Catholicism with rationalism.
(b) To produce several influential Mexican thinkers.
(c) To conquer the past and take it into the present.
(d) To overthrow the conservative ideals.

6. What question did Edmundo O'Gorman try to answer?
(a) What comprises America?
(b) Who are the Mexicans as a people?
(c) Where does the future lie?
(d) What is Mexico?

7. According to Jorge Cuesta, how has Mexico created herself?
(a) With no regard for the common people.
(b) In agreement with her past.
(c) With an eye toward preventing civil war.
(d) In opposition to her past.

8. What was Vasconcelos' philosophy regarding the material world?
(a) Emotions, rather than intellect, comprehend the world and create reality.
(b) Intellect, rather than emotions, comprehends the world and creates reality.
(c) The material world cannot be understood nor explained.
(d) The supernatural world governs the material world.

9. What was the Mexican intellectual's goal?
(a) Cultural education.
(b) Political action.
(c) Propagation of the arts.
(d) Educational reform.

10. During the Revolution, whom did the intelligentsia make the focal point of its activities?
(a) The new poets.
(b) The common people.
(c) Their new leaders.
(d) Itself.

11. Following the Revolution, why was socialist education not widely implemented in Mexico?
(a) The government could not agree on a socialist curriculum.
(b) Training was not available for teachers for providing a socialist education.
(c) Socialism was not the philosophy adopted by Mexicans.
(d) Socialist education was highly unsuccessful.

12. What horror did Cortez's rule not commit?
(a) Forcing indigenous people to speak European Spanish.
(b) Raping the indigenous women.
(c) Denying the conquered people a place in society.
(d) Complete annihilation of the native peoples.

13. Why was unemployment high in Mexico at the time that Paz was writing?
(a) The economy was going through a recession.
(b) The population grew more quickly than industry.
(c) The two biggest factories were experiencing lay-offs.
(d) The labor unions made it difficult for workers to get jobs.

14. When Paz sees that Mexicans return to their tradition, what do they remember?
(a) That their tradition is rooted in conquest and slavery.
(b) That they are part of Spain's tradition.
(c) That they do not belong to a greater universal tradition.
(d) That their tradition is mostly Indian.

15. According to Paz, why did the Revolution become a compromise?
(a) It could not synthesize Mexican tradition with the desire for universality.
(b) The Revolution's worldview synthesized too many elements.
(c) Because the extremists were a minority.
(d) Its leader was not strong enough to carry their ideals forward.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where have the great revolutions of the 20th Century occurred?

2. Who authored. the book, Profile of Man and Culture in Mexico?

3. How did the Reform want to justify itself?

4. How did Paz see the 20th Century?

5. In Asia and Africa, what two seemingly-contradictory ideologies are being used?

(see the answer keys)

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