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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did a party of Dakota attack a Ojibwe sugar camp near the Saint Croix River?

2. When did the judge come back with a verdict on the case of Standing Bear vs. Crook?

3. When did Columbus make a fourth voyage to the Caribbean?

4. When did Ely Parker become the first Indian to be placed in charge of the Office of Indian Affairs?

5. When was the second Treaty of Fort Laramie signed?

Short Essay Questions

1. What happened when Chief Standing Bear and his followers took the chief's eldest son's body to be buried in Nebraska on their ancestral homelands?

2. What was allotment?

3. Who survived the massacre at Wounded Knee, and what did they go on to do?

4. What was the Meriam Report, and what were its findings?

5. In 1883, what became Indian offenses, and what was the purpose of a bill passed to establish law and order among the Indians?

6. Who was Sam Cleveland, and how did Treuer describe him?

7. How did the Cherokee and other tribes take advantage of the Homestead Act?

8. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, how was the North American continent divided?

9. What did Indian Rights groups in the 1880s say about the reservation system?

10. By the end of 1890, how did everything seem to be over for Indians?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

David Treuer is an Ojibwe who grew up on the Leech Lake Reservation. Why did Treuer write The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee?

Essay Topic 2

A property tax bill and subsequent court case led to casinos on reservations. What is sovereignty? What did the property tax bill determine about sovereignty? How did a property tax bill and subsequent court case lead to casinos on reservations?

Essay Topic 3

After the treaty period ended, the goal was to assimilate Indians into American society. Why were policies created to integrate Indians into American culture, rather than allow them to retain tribal structures and Indian culture? What were the motives and results of assimilation?

(see the answer keys)

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