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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does affirmative action on college campuses strive to do to the attitudes of the white students, as per Steele?

2. Steele believed that middle class blacks had to maintain how many sides of themselves?

3. How did Steele say affirmative action be seen as a barrier to blacks?

4. In line with Steele's views, of the following, what played a vital role in the freedoms that came out of the Civil Rights movement?

5. As per Steele's thoughts, what type of work ethic is generally indicative of someone in the middle class?

Short Essay Questions

1. What opinion of blacks did Steele pen whites generally have?

2. Describe the double-bind that middle class blacks many times fall victim to, according to Steele.

3. In what way did Steele say white guilt could be an effective means of rectifying racial issues?

4. What did Steele say are the two factors that make up white guilt?

5. What shift did Steele notice on his college campus with regard to ethnic conflict?

6. How does emotional vulnerability affect blacks, in Steele's opinion?

7. How did Steele say whites use 'escapism'?

8. How did Steele say the black movement affects race relations?

9. What was the dilemma Steele faced with regard to affirmative action and his children's education?

10. Chapter 8 says that blacks use their race in what way?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How did Steele define white guilt? How are whites challenged by this guilt? Do blacks use this as a tool to get ahead? If so, how? How does black power produce white guilt? How do whites attempt to escape from the guilt? How is white guilt an especially big problem at the university level?

Essay Topic 2

What are the two attitudes that Steele said people generally take when it comes to affirmative action? Give at least two advantages / disadvantages from each school of thought.

Essay Topic 3

Steele points out that the only way to resolve racial issues is to approach them with moral consciousness rather than racial consciousness. What is moral consciousness? What is racial consciousness? What type of 'consciousness' did Steele say blacks had until the early 60's? What was their 'consciousness' from the late 60's to the 70's? What effect did this have on blacks?

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