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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. As indicated by Steele, how is affirmative action a positive relationship between blacks and whites?

2. How did Steele say blacks tolerate those who had different views from them of what it meant to be black?

3. Steele articulated, whites 'discharging their duties to blacks however they can' is known as what?

4. What reason did Steele give for why blacks sometimes exaggerate discrimination?

5. From Steele's experience, what happened to the black students in his college?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Steele believe affirmative action relates to racism?

2. Did Steele say that racial identity throughout the 60's changed? If so, how?

3. What is one association that Steele said blacks need to avoid?

4. What does Steele think encouraged blacks to start the black movement?

5. Describe the double-bind that middle class blacks many times fall victim to, according to Steele.

6. Chapter 8 says that blacks use their race in what way?

7. According to Steele, how do objective correlatives affect blacks?

8. How did Steele describe enemy-memory and how did he say it affects oppression?

9. Instead of gearing social policies to racial preference, what did Steele say social policies should be geared toward?

10. In what way did Steele say white guilt could be an effective means of rectifying racial issues?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

According to Steele, blacks deal with the feeling of powerlessness in two ways: challenging and bargaining. Define what these two terms mean. What is the purpose of taking on these attitudes? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the two? Who are some examples mentioned in the book of people who 'challenge or bargain'?

Essay Topic 2

How did Steele say an inferior complex from discrimination leads to aggression and low self-esteem in blacks? How does this mentally and emotionally affect them? How does this mentally and emotionally affect whites?

Essay Topic 3

Steele mentioned the struggle for racial power is really a struggle for innocence. How do whites portray this innocence? How do blacks portray this innocence? Give specific examples mentioned in the book. How do the two racial groups believe the acquisition of innocence would benefit their own races?

(see the answer keys)

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