2. The author of "City Origins" and "Cities and European Civilization" describes the growth of cities in Western Europe as historically bound by two elements: a middle class, and what?

3. What kind of academic programs are referred to as those which bring the expertise of specialists from multiple disciplines together?

4. Rather than using the traditional three ages of Stone, Bronze and Iron, V. Gordon Childe writes that development is better seen as occurring in the Paleolithic, Neolithic, urban, and what eras?

5. What kind of computer software permits users to map data and is useful in studying cities?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did open spaces become a part of urbanization, according to H.D.F. Kitto? From what culture did they arise?

2. How does "The Urbanization of the Human Population" explain urbanization in relation to human development?

3. What metaphor does Christopher Alexander make in "A City is Not a Tree"?

4. What is The City Reader aimed at in the academic setting? What authors in the selection have specialties in the field of urban study?

5. What does Richard LeGates discuss in terms of discipline within academia in the Introduction?

6. How is The City Reader structured as an anthology?

7. What are examples of "boundaries" as defined by Kevin Lynch? What are nodes?

8. When did Ernest W. Burgess describe the process of expansion through zones? Why did it occur?

9. What city does Pirenne discuss in "Cities and European Civilization"? How does he describe it?

10. What was Davis' conclusion about the patterns of urbanization in "The Urbanization of the Human Population"?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the lives, careers, and theories of the authors of "The Almost Perfect Town," "The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project" and "The City Image and Its Elements." How do these authors' views differ on urban development?