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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What, with friendship, creates a "cordial goodwill," according to "Friendship"?
(a) Cordiality.
(b) Love.
(c) Goodwill.
(d) Nothing; all that is needed is friendship.

2. Why are nominalists more popular?
(a) They are "louder" in expressing their beliefs.
(b) They have been around longer.
(c) Their general ideas about things are how we intuitively understand the world.
(d) They are quieter about their beliefs.

3. According to Emerson, every man is both ______ and partialist.
(a) Spiritualist.
(b) Humanist.
(c) Pantheist.
(d) Universalist.

4. How does nature affect mankind, according to Emerson?
(a) It reminds mankind of what could be.
(b) It provides a connection with other men.
(c) It slows mankind down.
(d) It nurtures and heals mankind.

5. What kind of friendship does Emerson prefer?
(a) A long-distance friendship.
(b) A rough kind of friendship.
(c) An intellectual friendship.
(d) A friendship that is "evenly matched."

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Emerson, what do realists have on their side?

2. What view does Emerson take of human love in "Love"?

3. What arose as the most equitable way of protecting individual rights, according to "Politics"?

4. What are "apologies for gifts," according to Emerson?

5. What does Emerson see evidence of everywhere he looks in society?

Short Essay Questions

1. What two problems with communion does Emerson explain at the end of "The Lord's Supper"?

2. According to "Art", from where does all art evolve? What is its purpose?

3. According to "Circles", how must humans adapt to the constant state of change that exists?

4. What does Emerson think of Plato, according to "Plato; or, the Philosopher"? What indicates this?

5. Explain what is mirrored in "Intellect". What does this yield?

6. What two major failings of the church does Emerson explain in "An Address"?

7. According to "Compensation", how does nature maintain balance? How can one maintain balance on earth?

8. How does Emerson define character? What analogy does he use in his definition?

9. What does Emerson say about private enterprise in "New England Reformers"? Based on "New England Reformers", what political party is parallel to Emerson's views?

10. According to "The Lord's Supper", what does Emerson say is the purpose of the Lord's Supper in Christian ritual? What does he say should be the focus?

(see the answer keys)

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