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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How was "The Transcendentalist" originally delivered?
(a) As a commencement address.
(b) As a eulogy.
(c) As a lecture.
(d) As a letter to Henry David Thoreau.

2. According to Emerson, every man is both ______ and partialist.
(a) Universalist.
(b) Spiritualist.
(c) Pantheist.
(d) Humanist.

3. What word did Plato use to explain opposites joined together, according to "Plato, or the Philosopher"?
(a) Dichotomy.
(b) Fusion.
(c) Synergy.
(d) Synthesis.

4. How does Emerson say we become aware of the changes in our lives brought on by experience?
(a) By living our lives.
(b) Through prayer.
(c) By observing those same changes in other people's lives.
(d) In retrospect.

5. What is the subject of "An Address"?
(a) Religion.
(b) Nature.
(c) Politics.
(d) Academics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What, with friendship, creates a "cordial goodwill," according to "Friendship"?

2. Whom does Emerson especially urge to experience their own heroism?

3. Which of the following is the Gospel that makes mention of repetition of the Lord's Supper in worship, according to Emerson?

4. What kind of friendship does Emerson prefer?

5. Whose principles, which led to a new age in quantum physics, are similar to the ideas hinted at in "Circles"?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to "Manners", what people are permitted latitude in their manners?

2. What happens when we admire someone, according to "Nominalist and Realist"?

3. How is each person's vocation discovered, according to "Spiritual Laws"? How is one's potential realized?

4. According to "Experience", why do most people not recognize the changes in their lives until they are looking in retrospect?

5. What are the differences between materialism and idealism, according to "The Transcendentalist"?

6. According to "Art", from where does all art evolve? What is its purpose?

7. How does Emerson define character? What analogy does he use in his definition?

8. What two major failings of the church does Emerson explain in "An Address"?

9. What rights does every individual in a free society have, according to "Politics"?

10. According to "The Over-Soul", what is the over-soul? What happens when individuals come together for the purpose of spiritual growth?

(see the answer keys)

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