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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is the Gospel that makes mention of repetition of the Lord's Supper in worship, according to Emerson?
(a) Luke.
(b) John.
(c) Matthew.
(d) Mark.

2. The power of ______ lies in their ability to awaken us to the universal and timeless laws of man and nature.
(a) Historians.
(b) Scholars.
(c) Philosophers.
(d) The arts.

3. Who or what is a part of nature, according to "Nature"?
(a) Man.
(b) Architecture.
(c) Philosophy.
(d) Progress.

4. What is the direction of nature and human consciousness?
(a) Walking an endless circle.
(b) An unlighted path.
(c) The creation of ever-widening circles.
(d) Like a labyrinth that turns in on itself.

5. What does Emerson call prudence, according to "Prudence"?
(a) The path to peace.
(b) The way of men.
(c) The beginning of the end.
(d) The virtue of the senses.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the purpose of manners, according to Emerson's "Manners"?

2. How should history be understood, according to Emerson's essay "History"?

3. What are "apologies for gifts," according to Emerson?

4. What philosopher did Emerson say was the beginning and end of all philosophy?

5. What year is the focus of "New England Reformers"?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to "The Lord's Supper", what does Emerson say is the purpose of the Lord's Supper in Christian ritual? What does he say should be the focus?

2. According to "Self-Reliance", what is the relationship between conformity and being a man?

3. What two problems with communion does Emerson explain at the end of "The Lord's Supper"?

4. How was Plato's dichotomy of the body and soul relevant to Emerson's time?

5. What three categories of people does prudence manifest itself into, according to "Prudence"?

6. What is transcendentalism, according to "Nature"?

7. How is each person's vocation discovered, according to "Spiritual Laws"? How is one's potential realized?

8. According to "New England Reformers", what does a reformist attitude challenge?

9. What rights does every individual in a free society have, according to "Politics"?

10. What does Emerson think of Plato, according to "Plato; or, the Philosopher"? What indicates this?

(see the answer keys)

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