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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How should history be understood, according to Emerson's essay "History"?
(a) As a piece of the puzzle of the human experience.
(b) As subjective narrative.
(c) As the first and most basic art form.
(d) As biography.

2. What view does Emerson take of human love in "Love"?
(a) Logical.
(b) Physical.
(c) Spiritual.
(d) Emotional.

3. To whom does Emerson attribute the term "transcendentalism"?
(a) Immanuel Kant.
(b) President Abraham Lincoln.
(c) The Buddha.
(d) Henry David Thoreau.

4. What is the ultimate effect of two lovers drawing closer to each other spiritually?
(a) Drawing closer to each other physically.
(b) Drawing closer to God.
(c) Understanding each other on an intellectual level.
(d) Drawing closer to each other emotionally.

5. Who can too often judge and categorize art and literature, according to "The Poet"?
(a) Poets.
(b) Umpires of taste.
(c) Philosophers.
(d) Censors of thought.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Emerson believe about nature?

2. What is bereft of models of heroism, according to Emerson's "Heroism"?

3. How should one be a man, according to "Self-Reliance"?

4. What is the direction of nature and human consciousness?

5. How are eccentricities dealt with in people who are otherwise fit to enter a mannered upper class?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to "The Poet", what is the effect of poets speaking the truth? How do poets speak the truth?

2. According to "Compensation", how does nature maintain balance? How can one maintain balance on earth?

3. According to "Nature", what is the role of nature?

4. Explain what is mirrored in "Intellect". What does this yield?

5. According to "Heroism", where does Emerson say people should find examples of true heroism? What is heroism the product of?

6. According to "The Lord's Supper", what does Emerson say is the purpose of the Lord's Supper in Christian ritual? What does he say should be the focus?

7. According to "Manners", what people are permitted latitude in their manners?

8. What are the two effects of a couple who rediscover their love for each other, according to "Love"?

9. According to "Circles", how must humans adapt to the constant state of change that exists?

10. What are the differences between materialism and idealism, according to "The Transcendentalist"?

(see the answer keys)

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