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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does true friendship require, according to Emerson?
(a) Conversation.
(b) Friendly love.
(c) Cordial goodwill.
(d) Humility.

2. How does Emerson suggest his readers should acquire art?
(a) By creating it themselves.
(b) By reading about what's popular at the time.
(c) By listening to art dealers.
(d) By following their hearts.

3. What is the only permanent thing in the universe, according to Emerson?
(a) Impermanence.
(b) Mathematics.
(c) Scientific thought.
(d) God.

4. What natural phenomenon does Emerson use as a comparison for character in his essay "Character"?
(a) A canyon.
(b) A hurricane.
(c) The wind.
(d) Ocean waves.

5. What right of individuals has never been tried as the foundation of a state?
(a) Reverence.
(b) Love.
(c) Trust.
(d) Employment.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to "Self-Reliance", what can bring you peace?

2. What kind of friendship does Emerson prefer?

3. What is the purpose of manners, according to Emerson's "Manners"?

4. What year is the focus of "New England Reformers"?

5. How do we pass through life, according to "Experience"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What two major failings of the church does Emerson explain in "An Address"?

2. According to "Manners", what people are permitted latitude in their manners?

3. Explain what is mirrored in "Intellect". What does this yield?

4. How does Emerson define character? What analogy does he use in his definition?

5. What rights does every individual in a free society have, according to "Politics"?

6. According to "Self-Reliance", what is the relationship between conformity and being a man?

7. What do the nominalists and realists each have on their sides, according to Emerson?

8. According to "New England Reformers", what does a reformist attitude challenge?

9. According to "Art", from where does all art evolve? What is its purpose?

10. What is the benefit of friendship, according to "Friendship"? What is the irony in Emerson's essay?

(see the answer keys)

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