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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Emerson link with transcendentalism in "The Transcendentalist"?
(a) Christianity.
(b) Buddhism.
(c) Islam.
(d) Native American practices.

2. If the people within a commune did not work equally, what does Emerson say the harder-working individuals would do?
(a) Grow agitated and start fighting among themselves.
(b) Defect and seek fortunes in the larger world.
(c) Create a hierarchy and rule the weaker workers.
(d) Defect and start another commune.

3. According to Emerson, what do realists have on their side?
(a) Emotion.
(b) Faith.
(c) Reason.
(d) Heart.

4. What does Emerson see evidence of everywhere he looks in society?
(a) Lack of desire for independence.
(b) Loyalty to European traditions.
(c) Defiant reformist mentality.
(d) Decadence.

5. What did Plato emphasize over the body, according to "Plato, or the Philosopher"?
(a) Human relationships.
(b) The human soul.
(c) Faith.
(d) The heart.

6. Which of the following is the Gospel that makes mention of repetition of the Lord's Supper in worship, according to Emerson?
(a) Mark.
(b) Luke.
(c) Matthew.
(d) John.

7. Who or what is a part of nature, according to "Nature"?
(a) Progress.
(b) Philosophy.
(c) Architecture.
(d) Man.

8. How do people try to change old patterns in their lives?
(a) Education and philosophy.
(b) Drugs and alcohol.
(c) Rebelling against the way they were raised.
(d) Art and music.

9. According to Emerson, what is a faint reflection of proper manners?
(a) Proper speech.
(b) Literature.
(c) Fashion.
(d) Spiritual ritual.

10. What is the only permanent thing in the universe, according to Emerson?
(a) Mathematics.
(b) Impermanence.
(c) God.
(d) Scientific thought.

11. According to "Compensation", by what is mankind defined?
(a) Spirituality.
(b) Dualism.
(c) Singularity.
(d) Pluralism.

12. Why are nominalists more popular?
(a) Their general ideas about things are how we intuitively understand the world.
(b) They have been around longer.
(c) They are "louder" in expressing their beliefs.
(d) They are quieter about their beliefs.

13. What example does Emerson use in "Spiritual Laws" to demonstrate the effects of force-feeding children questions and answers of little interest?
(a) Patriotism.
(b) Sunday school.
(c) Discipline at home.
(d) Public school.

14. How does the love between a man and woman usually begin?
(a) With fire and passion.
(b) With shy flirtations.
(c) In hot-blooded youth.
(d) Quietly, like a summer breeze.

15. What is the ultimate effect of two lovers drawing closer to each other spiritually?
(a) Understanding each other on an intellectual level.
(b) Drawing closer to God.
(c) Drawing closer to each other emotionally.
(d) Drawing closer to each other physically.

Short Answer Questions

1. How do we pass through life, according to "Experience"?

2. What is bereft of models of heroism, according to Emerson's "Heroism"?

3. What does Plato's concept of the dichotomy of the body and soul provide the foundation for, according to Emerson?

4. How should one be a man, according to "Self-Reliance"?

5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the best gift, according to "Gifts"?

(see the answer keys)

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