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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what year was "Nature" published?
(a) 1837.
(b) 1835.
(c) 1836.
(d) 1834.

2. Who is the author of "Selected Writings"?
(a) Henry David Thoreau.
(b) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
(c) Napoleon.
(d) Plato.

3. At what college did Emerson give "The American Scholar" as an address?
(a) New York University.
(b) Harvard.
(c) Oxford.
(d) Princeton.

4. What is the primary tool of the poet?
(a) Language.
(b) Experience.
(c) Imagination.
(d) Truth.

5. How should one be a man, according to "Self-Reliance"?
(a) Be a nonconformist.
(b) Follow God's laws.
(c) Live in nature.
(d) Follow man's laws.

6. What arose as the most equitable way of protecting individual rights, according to "Politics"?
(a) Serfdom.
(b) Socialism.
(c) Democracy.
(d) Monarchy.

7. Whose minds are formed in a certain direction, according to "Spiritual Laws"?
(a) Warriors.
(b) The unenlightened.
(c) Philosophers.
(d) Animals.

8. What credibility did Emerson have to discuss the topic of "An Address"?
(a) He lived in a small cabin in the wilderness most of his life.
(b) He was a Senator.
(c) He was a preacher.
(d) He was a college professor.

9. Who was Plato's teacher?
(a) Socrates.
(b) Confucius.
(c) Immanuel Kant.
(d) He was self-taught.

10. According to Emerson, heroism is the unwavering determination to do the right thing combined with a supremely ______.
(a) Good heart.
(b) Hearty spirit.
(c) Strong body.
(d) Balanced mind.

11. What year is the focus of "New England Reformers"?
(a) 1835.
(b) 1834.
(c) 1845.
(d) 1844.

12. Which of the following is the Gospel that makes mention of repetition of the Lord's Supper in worship, according to Emerson?
(a) Luke.
(b) Mark.
(c) Matthew.
(d) John.

13. Why does Emerson say every man is not duplicitous for not only being partialist?
(a) It is simply the way the human mind works.
(b) He can move between viewpoints, but is not both simultaneously.
(c) Emerson says men are duplicitous.
(d) He really is only a partialist, except when in conversation with other philosophers.

14. Whom does Emerson especially urge to experience their own heroism?
(a) Children.
(b) Religious mystics.
(c) Women.
(d) The downtrodden.

15. According to Emerson, what is a faint reflection of proper manners?
(a) Spiritual ritual.
(b) Proper speech.
(c) Literature.
(d) Fashion.

Short Answer Questions

1. What view does Emerson take of human love in "Love"?

2. What is the subject of "An Address"?

3. Each person has his or her own vocation that can be discovered by ______.

4. What word did Plato use to explain opposites joined together, according to "Plato, or the Philosopher"?

5. How does nature affect mankind, according to Emerson?

(see the answer keys)

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