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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who is modeling his actions after Rome's past enemies?

2. Who bore a resemblance to wise men, but were not according to Cicero?

3. Who rescued the Senate from annihilation according to Cicero?

4. What will the law always imperfectly mirror according to Cicero?

5. What fate did Rome's enemies share over the past twenty years?

Short Essay Questions

1. In Attack on an Enemy of Freedom, what excuse does Antonius use to justify his attack on Cicero?

2. What is the second type of goodness for the Stoics?

3. What does Cicero argue men should not do in the third section of A Practical Code of Behavior?

4. What proof does Antonius use against Cicero when he tries to connect him to the murder of Caesar?

5. According to Cicero, how does Antonius display his corruption?

6. In the story told in section five of A Practical Code of Behavior, how is the man able to retain his credit while doing wrong?

7. What does Cicero argue about wrong in the third section of A Practical Code of Behavior?

8. According to Cicero, what do goodness and rightness have in common, and who can see it?

9. Whose murder does Antonius accuse Cicero of committing?

10. What does Antonius blame on Cicero in an effort to discredit him?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Cicero considers objections made in hard moral cases, in business, and in law. Analyze the cases of evil as being unnatural and inhuman as discussed by Cicero. Choose one incident to examine and debate the accuracy of his conclusions.

Essay Topic 2

Cicero addresses Antonius' claim that Antonius caused the Civil War. Analyze how Antonius accelerated the decline of a friendship between Caesar and Pompeius and how it may have resulted in the Civil War. Provide examples from the book to support your statements.

Essay Topic 3

In the fourth letter, written to Atticus, Cicero examines the treachery of Roman leadership. He wanted to become part of an alliance, but he resisted because he hated to participate in "deification." Analyze the treachery of Roman leadership and how some leaders, such as Caesar and Pompey, were deified. Provide support from the text to support your statements.

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