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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Cicero wish philosophy will be to Scipio's son?

2. Who discovered that Ulysses was faking madness?

3. Why did Cicero ironically think Antony broke off the relationship with him?

4. In what spirit does Antony take a step to attack Cicero verbally?

5. According to Cicero, whose ideal is "to live consistently with nature"?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Cicero, what do goodness and rightness have in common, and who can see it?

2. What is the second type of goodness for the Stoics?

3. According to Cicero, how does Antonius display his corruption?

4. What are the three questions Cicero analyzes in the first section of A Practical Code of Behavior?

5. What are Antonius' arguments against Cicero, according to Cicero?

6. What does Antonius blame on Cicero in an effort to discredit him?

7. What proof does Antonius use against Cicero when he tries to connect him to the murder of Caesar?

8. What do the Stoics and the Peripatetics think of the right and the advantage?

9. According to Cicero, how was his consulship compared to Antonius'?

10. In Attack on an Enemy of Freedom, what excuse does Antonius use to justify his attack on Cicero?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Cicero opposes and criticizes Marcus Antonius who shared his power with Octavian. Six months after Caesar's assassination, Cicero addresses the political instability that resulted. Analyze Cicero's discussion of political instability that resulted from Caesar's rule. Use examples to support your discussion.

Essay Topic 2

Cicero maintains that it is unnatural to do wrong and argues that it disrupts the body. Analyze this argument and how wrong disrupts society and one's body. Examine whether the wrong disrupts the body. Students should use examples from the text to support your discussion.

Essay Topic 3

Cato the Elder emphasizes death and afterlife, emphasizing how human souls come from heaven and then return to their home. Discuss the belief that humans are only on earth to guard it and reflect on the divine, using Cato's reasoning and that of others. Use examples from the text to support your statements.

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