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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many speeches were written in total against Verres?

2. Along with ruining his perceived military career, what else did Cicero accomplish by repeating Verres' crimes in Chapter 2?

3. When did Cicero say that Catiline should have been killed by the Roman consul?

4. What two words did Cicero use to describe Verres in his first speech against him?

5. Mithridates, the enemy of Rome, was from ______________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why was the senate losing patience with Catiline, and what outraged Cicero at the beginning of In Catilinam I?

2. What corruption was exposed by Cicero about Verres' handling of the naval defense funds?

3. How was the building of a trireme in Messana misreported by Verres?

4. Which reasons did Cicero give for Catiline to go into exile in Chapter 4?

5. What position did Cicero have when he gave the speeches against Verres, and what situation caused him to write them?

6. As Cicero explained in his speech, what was at stake in the war against Mithridates?

7. How did Cicero describe the corrupt trials that Verres ran in Sicily?

8. Who opposed the election of Pompey, and how did Cicero address their concerns in his speech?

9. What advice did Cicero have for Hortensius in his second speech against Verres?

10. How did Cicero end In Verrum II?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In Pro Marcello, Cicero compliments Caesar for his accomplishments while issuing a warning to Caesar in the same speech.

1) Describe three of Caesar's achievements that Cicero recognized in Pro Marcello.

2) Explain the advice that Cicero gave to Caesar and why he thought a possible assassination attempt should be taken seriously.

3) Analyze the objection that Cicero had to Caesar's statement about glory and how Cicero thought it could have a negative effect on Caesar's reputation.

Essay Topic 2

Describe in detail the three major accusations that Antonius made against Cicero and how Cicero disproved each of them in Phillipic II. Also, provide examples of how Cicero showed Antonius' corruption in his defense. Why was Phillipic II released to the Romans in written form instead of being given as a speech?

Essay Topic 3

Describe in detail the events that led to the election of Pompey and three possible reasons why Cicero might have endorsed him. Be sure to include whether or not you think Cicero's endorsement was a defining factor in Pompey's election and gaining the support of the Roman people, as well as how Cicero handled the objections to Pompey's election in his speech.

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