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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Sontag, _________ also influences the public's perception of war.
(a) Government policies.
(b) Education.
(c) Anti-war sentiment.
(d) Hollywood.

2. Sontag references an agreement in which the United States, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Japan came together to renounce war. What is the name of this agreement?
(a) The Treaty of Versailles.
(b) Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928.
(c) The Treaty of Brandenburg.
(d) The Non-Aggression Pact of 1937.

3. U.S. bombing of Afghanistan was conducted remotely from which of the following locations?
(a) Tampa, Florida
(b) Quantico, Virginia.
(c) The Pentagon.
(d) Washington, D.C.

4. Photographic representations of the Vietnam War was essential to promoting:
(a) International relations.
(b) New methods of communication.
(c) The anti-war movement.
(d) Patriotic sentiment.

5. The first war photographer, whose work garnered him the position as "official photographer" of the Crimean War, was which of the following?
(a) Edmund Gosse.
(b) Ernst Friedrich.
(c) Roger Fenton.
(d) Robert Capa.

Short Answer Questions

1. Sontag calls for the reader's sympathy for the wounded Taliban soldier whose pain graced the cover of "The New York Times" by suggesting which of the following?

2. A heated debate emerged when a weekly paper in Boston ran a video of which American journalist's execution in Pakistan?

3. To whom did the "Here Is New York" exhibit donate the proceeds?

4. After World War I, the general public thought of the War as:

5. Sontag argues that Woolf's view, like many other "antiwar polemicists" is:

Short Essay Questions

1. Discuss the reaction of the British public to the image of trenches of unburied bodies taken 10 days after a British defeat during the Boer War. What does this reaction say about the sensibility of the public?

2. Using the example of genocides and AIDS in Africa, Sontag argued that images of suffering in far-off places carry a double meaning. What is this double meaning?

3. According to Sontag, how are standards for journalism determined in an era of tele-controlled warfare?

4. Discuss the significance of Eddie Adams' photograph of the execution of a suspected Vietcong agent. What did Sontag say was particularly striking about this image and the circumstances of its creation?

5. According to Sontag, do people prefer artistic renderings or straight-forward representations of atrocities? Why?

6. Sontag identified two types of censorship which affect war photography. Describe both types of censorship. Which is most influential?

7. Sontag discussed the captions to Goya's "Los Desastres de la Guerra" (The Disasters of War). Explain the significance of these messages to the viewer. How do these captions affect the impact of the image?

8. Sontag stated that the photographer's intentions do not determine the message of the photograph. Discuss the contributing factors which influence the reception of photographs in the media.

9. Explain the significance of Jacques Callot's 1633 series of etchings titled "Les Miseres et les Malheurs de la Guerra" (The Miseries and Misfortunes of War). Why did Sontag discuss this work?

10. Discuss the significance of the Magnum Photo Agency, founded in Paris in 1947. What was the group initially founded to do? How did they influence the development of photojournalism?

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